Nikolai Kardashev, Russian astrophysicist (died 2019)

Nikolai Kardashev

Soviet and Russian astrophysicist (1932–2019)

Nikolai Semyonovich Kardashev was a Soviet and Russian astrophysicist best known for the Kardashev scale, which measures a civilization's status in technological evolution based on the amount of energy it is capable of harnessing and using. He was also the deputy director of the…