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Second Fitna: Umayyad partisans defeated the supporters of Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr near Damascus, cementing Umayyad control of Syria.
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Second Fitna
Umayyad-era Muslim civil war (680–692)
The Second Fitna was a period of general political and military disorder and civil war in the Islamic community during the early Umayyad Caliphate. It followed the death of the first Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I in 680, and lasted for about twelve years. The war involved the…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Umayyad Caliphate
Second Islamic caliphate (661–750 CE)
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty. Uthman ibn Affan, the third of the Rashidun caliphs, was also a member of the clan. The family established dynastic,…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Battle of Marj Rahit (684)
Early battle of the Second Fitna
The Battle of Marj Rahit was one of the early battles of the Second Fitna. It was fought on 18 August 684 between the Kalb-dominated armies of the Yaman tribal confederation, supporting the Umayyads under Caliph Marwan I, and the Qays under al-Dahhak ibn Qays al-Fihri, who…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr
Arab leader of Mecca-based caliphate from 683 to 692
Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam was the leader of a caliphate based in Mecca that rivaled the Umayyads from 683 until his death.Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Damascus
Capital city of Syria
Damascus is the capital and largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam. Known colloquially in Syria as aš-Šām (الشَّام) and dubbed, poetically, the "City of Jasmine", Damascus is a major cultural center…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)