Constitutionalist insurrection at Oporto, Portugal.

Constitutionalism is "a compound of ideas, attitudes, and patterns of behavior elaborating the principle that the authority of government derives from and is limited by a body of fundamental law".

The history of Portugal can be traced from circa 400,000 years ago, when the region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by Homo heidelbergensis.

Porto, also known in English as Oporto, is the second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon. It is the capital of the Porto District and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropolitan area, with an estimated population of just 252,687 people in a municipality with only 41.42 km² (16 sq mi). Porto's urban area has around 1.4 million people,(2025) in an area of 2,395 km² (925 sq mi), making it the second-largest urban area in Portugal. while the Porto metro area surpasses 1.8 million people. It is recognized as a global city with a Gamma + rating from the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.