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Bishops' Wars: Scottish Covenanter forces led by Alexander Leslie defeated the English army near Newburn, England.
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Bishops' Wars
British wars 1639–1640 concerning religion in Scotland
The Bishops' Wars were two separate conflicts fought in 1639 and 1640 between Scotland and England, with Scottish Royalists allied to England. They were the first of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which also include the First and Second English Civil Wars, the Irish Confederate…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Covenanters
17th-century Scottish Presbyterians
Covenanters were members of a 17th-century Scottish religious and political movement, who supported a Presbyterian Church of Scotland and the primacy of its leaders in religious affairs. It originated in disputes with James VI and his son Charles I over church organisation and…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven
Scottish army officer (c. 1580 – 1661)
Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven was a Scottish army officer. Born illegitimate and raised as a foster child, he subsequently advanced to the rank of field marshal in Swedish Army, and in Scotland became Lord General in command of the Army of the Covenanters, a privy…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Battle of Newburn
Battle on 28 August 1640, during the Second Bishops' War
The Battle of Newburn, also known as the Battle of Newburn Ford, took place on 28 August 1640, during the Second Bishops' War. It was fought at Newburn, just outside Newcastle, where a ford crossed the River Tyne. A Scottish Covenanter army of 20,000 under Alexander Leslie…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Newburn
Human settlement in England
Newburn is a village and district of Newcastle upon Tyne, in Tyne and Wear, England. Situated on the North bank of the River Tyne, it is built rising up the valley from the river. It is situated approximately 5 miles (8 km) from the city centre, 14 miles (23 km) east of Hexham…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)