Ramón Castilla, Peruvian military leader and politician, President of Peru (died 1867)

Ramón Castilla y Marquesado was a Peruvian caudillo who served as President of Peru three times as well as the Interim President of Peru in 1863. His earliest prominent appearance in Peruvian history began with his participation in a commanding role of the army of the Libertadores that helped Peru become an independent nation. Later, he led the country when the economy boomed due to the exploitation of guano deposits. Castilla's governments are remembered for having abolished slavery and modernized the state.

August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar; 122 days remain until the end of the year.