In support of the December Uprising in Moscow, the Council of Workers' Deputies of Kyiv staged a mass uprising, establishing the Shuliavka Republic in the city.

The Moscow uprising, centered in Moscow's Presnensky district between 7 and 18 December 1905, was the climax of the Russian Revolution of 1905. Thousands of workers joined an armed rebellion against the imperial government fighting for better societal conditions. The uprising ended in defeat for the revolutionaries and provoked a swift counter-revolution that lasted until 1907. The revolution of 1905 was a turning point in Russian history, and the Moscow uprising played an important role in fostering revolutionary sentiment among Russian workers. The Moscow revolutionaries gained experience during the uprising that helped them succeed years later in the October Revolution of 1917.

The Shuliavka Republic was a self-declared entity in Shuliavka neighborhood, Kyiv by workers of the factory of Greter, Krivanek, & Co and students of the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. The uprising lasted a total of four days, from 12–16 December, 1905. The Shuliavska Republic ended after the Imperial Russian Army put down the uprising.