Members of the Portuguese Republican Party fail in their attempted coup d'état against the administrative dictatorship of Prime Minister João Franco.

The Portuguese Republican Party was a Portuguese political party formed during the late years of the constitutional monarchy that proposed and later brought about the replacement of the monarchy with the Portuguese First Republic.

The Municipal Library Elevator Coup, also known as The Elevator Coup or 28 January 1908 Coup, was the name given for the attempted coup d'état in Lisbon, capital of Portugal, by members of the Portuguese Republican Party and Progressive Dissidency against the administrative dictatorship of Prime Minister João Franco. The event was not confined to the Municipal Library Elevator, but was so named for the arrest of many conspirators at the structure on the afternoon of 28 January 1908. Although the coup was prevented by government forces, it failed to capture all the conspirators, which contributed to the assassination of the monarch Carlos I of Portugal and the heir to the throne, the Prince Royal, Luís Filipe. These events would continue legislative instability and lead to the Portuguese First Republic, the raison d'être of the coup conspirators.

João Franco Ferreira Pinto Castelo-Branco, GCTE was a Portuguese politician, minister, 43rd Minister for Treasury Affairs and 47th Prime Minister.