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William Shockley announced the invention of the junction transistor, for which he, John Bardeen, and Walter Houser Brattain later won the Nobel Prize in Physics.
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William Shockley
American physicist and engineer (1910–1989)
William Bradford Shockley was an American solid-state physicist, electrical engineer, and inventor. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The three scientists were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics "for…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Bipolar junction transistor
Transistor that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers
A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor (FET), uses only one kind of charge carrier. A bipolar transistor allows a small…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
John Bardeen
American physicist (1908–1991)
John Bardeen was an American physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Houser Brattain for their invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Walter Brattain
American solid-state physicist (1902–1987)
Walter Houser Brattain was an American solid-state physicist who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics with John Bardeen and William Shockley for their invention of the point-contact transistor. Brattain devoted much of his life to research on surface states.Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Nobel Prize in Physics
One of five prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel
The Nobel Prize in Physics is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)