Ernst Boris Chain, German-Irish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1979)

Sir Ernst Boris Chain was a German-born British biochemist and co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Medicine or Physiology, Chemistry, Literature, and Peace.