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An Act of Parliament declaring England a Commonwealth is passed by the Long Parliament. England would be a republic for the next eleven years.
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Act of parliament
Law passed by a parliament
An act of parliament, as a form of primary legislation, is a text of law passed by the legislative body of a jurisdiction. In most countries with a parliamentary system of government, acts of parliament begin as a bill, which the legislature votes on. Depending on the structure…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Commonwealth of England
Republican rule in England, 1649–1660
The Commonwealth of England was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when the Kingdom of England, later along with Ireland and Scotland, were governed as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I. The…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Long Parliament
English Parliament from 1640 to 1660
The Long Parliament was an English Parliament which lasted from 1640 until 1660, making it the longest-lasting Parliament in English and British history. It followed the fiasco of the Short Parliament, which had convened for only three weeks during the spring of 1640 after an…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)
Republic
Form of government
A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica, is a state in which political power rests with the public (people), typically through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy. Although a republic is most often a single sovereign state, subnational state entities that…Source: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA)