Lam Sơn uprising: Lam Sơn rebels emerge victorious against the Ming army in the Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động taking place in Đông Quan, in now Hanoi.

The Lam Sơn uprising was a significant rebellion in Vietnamese history, led by Lê Lợi against Ming China's rule. It began in early 1418 and ended in late 1427 with the victory of the Lam Sơn rebels and the retreat of the Ming army after the Đông Quan oath.

The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng, numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family, collectively called the Southern Ming, survived until 1662.

The Battle of Tốt Động – Chúc Động or the Battle of Tụy Động in 1426 was the decisive battle in the 14-year Lam Sơn uprising which established Vietnam's independence from Ming China in 1428. The battle took place on November 7, 1426 in the Red River Delta between Tốt Động and Chúc Động, two villages of Chương Mỹ District, near Hanoi. Armed with hand cannons, the Vietnamese force under Lê Lợi, the Prince of Pacification, was able to stage a successful ambush on the attacking a Ming army, under General Wang Tong. The Ming army was decisively routed. As a result, most of the Chinese weapons, supplies, and horses were captured by the Vietnamese. Wang Tong was forced to retreat back to Dong Kinh, where four days later he and the city were besieged by Le Loi's army.

Hanoi is the capital and second-most populous city of Vietnam. The name "Hanoi" translates to "inside the river". As a municipality, since 2025, Hanoi consists of 51 wards and 75 communes. The city encompasses an area of 3,359.84 km² (1,297.24 sq mi). and as of 2025 has a population of 8,807,523. Hanoi had the second-highest gross regional domestic product of all Vietnamese provinces and municipalities at US$58,6 billion in 2025, behind only Ho Chi Minh City.