Liu, empress of Qi (Ten Kingdoms) (born 877)

Empress Liu, formally Lady Dowager Xiande of Qin (秦國賢德太夫人), was the wife of Li Maozhen, the only ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Qi. During Li Maozhen's reign as the independent Prince of Qi, she carried the title of empress. After he submitted as the vassal of the new Later Tang dynasty, she became known as the Lady of Qin, and later Lady Dowager of Qin after his death.

Qi was a kingdom during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in Chinese history. The kingdom, at its prime, covered parts of modern-day Gansu, Shaanxi, and Sichuan provinces, but eventually shrank to only the immediate area around its capital Fengxiang in Shaanxi. Its only ruler was Li Maozhen, who later submitted to Later Tang.

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was an era of political upheaval and division in Imperial China from 907 to 979. Five dynastic states quickly succeeded one another in the Central Plain, and more than a dozen concurrent dynastic states, collectively known as the Ten Kingdoms, were established elsewhere, mainly in South China. It was a prolonged period of multiple political divisions in Chinese imperial history.