Soong Mei-ling, Chinese wife of Chiang Kai-shek, 2nd First Lady of the Republic of China (born 1898)

Soong Mei-ling, also known as Madame Chiang, was a Chinese political figure and socialite. The youngest of the Soong sisters, she married Chiang Kai-shek and played a prominent role in Chinese politics and foreign relations in the first half of the 20th century.

Chiang Kai-shek was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and general who led the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 until his death in 1975. His government was based in mainland China until it was defeated in the Chinese Civil War by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1949, after which he continued to lead the Republic of China on the island of Taiwan. Chiang served as leader of the Nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party and the commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) from 1926 until his death.

The first lady of the Republic of China refers to the wife of the president of the Republic of China. Since 1949, the position has been based in Taiwan, where they are often called by the title of first lady of Taiwan, in addition to first lady of the Republic of China (ROC).