Kosem Sultan, Ottoman Valide sultan and regent (born 1589)

Kösem Sultan, also known as Mahpeyker Sultan, was the Haseki Sultan as the chief consort and legal wife of the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I, Valide Sultan as a mother of sultans Murad IV and Ibrahim and Büyük Valide Sultan as a grandmother of Sultan Mehmed IV as well as the Naib-I Saltanat of the Ottoman Empire reigning from 1623 to 1632 during the minority of her son Murad IV, during the unstable reign of her younger son Ibrahim from 1640 to 1648 and to her grandson Mehmed IV between 1648 and 1651. She became one of the most powerful and influential women in Ottoman history as well as a central figure during the period known as the Sultanate of Women.