Abdul Hamid II, 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (died 1918)

Abdul Hamid II

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1876 to 1909

Abdülhamid II or Abdul Hamid II was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a period of decline with rebellions, and presided over an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire…