Narcís Monturiol, Spanish engineer, designed the Ictineo I and Ictineo II (born 1819)

Narcís Monturiol i Estarriol was a Spanish Catalan inventor, artist and engineer born in Figueres, Catalonia. He was the inventor of the first air-independent and combustion-engine-driven submarine.

Ictíneo I was a pioneering submarine constructed in Barcelona, Spain in 1858–1859 by engineer Narcís Monturiol.

Ictíneo II was a pioneering submarine. Its launching took place in the Port of Barcelona on October 2, 1864 by the Spanish engineer Narcis Monturiol and it was the first air independent and combustion powered submarine and the first submarine to overcome the basic problems of machine powered underwater navigation.