Ali al-Hadi, Hijazi (Western Arabian), 10th of the Twelve Imams (died 868)

Ali al-Hadi was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the tenth Imam in Twelver Shia, succeeding his father, Muhammad al-Jawad. Born in Medina in 828, Ali is known with the titles al-Hādī and al-Naqī. After the death of his father in 835, most followers of al-Jawad readily accepted the imamate of Ali, who was still a child at the time. Drawing parallels with the story of young Jesus in the Quran, Twelver sources attribute an exceptional innate knowledge to Ali which qualified him for the imamate despite his young age.

The Arabian Peninsula, or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated north-east of Africa on the Arabian plate. At 3,237,500 km² (1.25 million sq mi), comparable in size to India, the Arabian Peninsula is the largest peninsula in the world.

The Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, including that of the Alawite and Alevi.