Events That Happened on August 23

Chandrayaan-3 mission initiated first Moon landing in Indian history.

A business jet carrying key leadership members of the Russian private military company Wagner Group crashes, killing all ten people on board.

A riot at the Palmasola prison complex in Santa Cruz, Bolivia kills 31 people.

A hot-air balloon crashes near the Slovenian capital of Ljubljana, killing six people and injuring 28 others.

A magnitude 5.8 (class: moderate) earthquake occurs in Virginia. Damage occurs to monuments and structures in Washington, D.C. and the resulted damage is estimated at 200 million–300 million USD.

Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is overthrown after the National Transitional Council forces take control of Bab al-Azizia compound during the Libyan Civil War.

The Manila hostage crisis occurred near the Quirino Grandstand in Manila, Philippines killing 9 people including the perpetrator while injuring 9 others.

The skeletal remains of Russia's last royal family members Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia, and his sister Grand Duchess Anastasia are discovered near Yekaterinburg, Russia.

Natascha Kampusch, who had been abducted at the age of ten, escapes from her captor Wolfgang Přiklopil, after eight years of captivity.

Gulf Air Flight 072 crashes into the Persian Gulf near Manama, Bahrain, killing 143.

Eugene Bullard, the only African American pilot in World War I, is posthumously commissioned as Second Lieutenant in the United States Air Force.

The World Wide Web is opened to the public.

Saddam Hussein appears on Iraqi state television with a number of Western "guests" (actually hostages) to try to prevent the Gulf War.

Armenia declares its independence from the Soviet Union.

West and East Germany announce that they will reunite on October 3.

Singing Revolution: Two million people from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania stand on the Vilnius–Tallinn road, holding hands.

Hans Tiedge, top counter-spy of West Germany, defects to East Germany.

The start of the Wave Hill walk-off by Gurindji people in Australia, lasting eight years, a landmark event in the history of Indigenous land rights in Australia, commemorated in a 1991 Paul Kelly song and an annual celebration.

The Pontiac Silverdome opens in Pontiac, Michigan, 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Detroit, Michigan

A bank robbery gone wrong in Stockholm, Sweden, turns into a hostage crisis; over the next five days the hostages begin to sympathise with their captors, leading to the term "Stockholm syndrome".

Organized by Mexican American labor union leader César Chávez, the Salad Bowl strike, the largest farm worker strike in U.S. history, begins.

Lunar Orbiter 1 takes the first photograph of Earth from orbit around the Moon.

Chinese Civil War: The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis begins with the People's Liberation Army's bombardment of Quemoy.

The first flight of the Lockheed C-130 multi-role aircraft takes place.

The Cruise of the Kings, a royal cruise organised by the Queen Consort of Greece, Frederica of Hanover, departs from Marseille, France.

The World Council of Churches is formed by 147 churches from 44 countries.

Ordinance No. 46 of the British Military Government constitutes the German Länder (states) of Hanover and Schleswig-Holstein.

World War II: Soviet–Japanese War: The USSR State Defense Committee issues Decree no. 9898cc "About Receiving, Accommodation, and Labor Utilization of the Japanese Army Prisoners of War".

World War II: Marseille is liberated by the Allied forces.

World War II: King Michael of Romania dismisses the pro-Nazi government of Marshal Antonescu, who is later arrested. Romania switches sides from the Axis to the Allies.

Freckleton air disaster: A United States Army Air Forces B-24 Liberator bomber crashes into a school in Freckleton, England, killing 61 people.

World War II: Kharkiv is liberated by the Soviet Red Army for the second time after the Battle of Kursk.

World War II: Beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad.

World War II: Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. In a secret protocol to the pact, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Romania are divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence".

Hebron Massacre during the 1929 Palestine riots: Arab attacks on the Jewish community in Hebron in the British Mandate of Palestine occur, continuing until the next day, resulting in the death of 65–68 Jews and the remaining Jews being forced to leave the city.

Italian anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti are executed after a lengthy, controversial trial.

Captain Lowell Smith and Lieutenant John P. Richter perform the first mid-air refueling on De Havilland DH-4B, setting an endurance flight record of 37 hours.

British airship R-38 experiences structural failure over Hull in England and crashes in the Humber Estuary; of her 49 British and American training crew, only four survive.

World War I: The British Expeditionary Force and the French Fifth Army begin their Great Retreat before the German Army.

World War I: Japan declares war on Germany.

The automobile tire chain is patented.

The Southern Cross Expedition, the first British venture of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, departs from London.

The Albert Bridge in Chelsea, London opens.

The Austro-Prussian War ends with the Treaty of Prague.

American Civil War: The Union Navy captures Fort Morgan, Alabama, thus breaking Confederate dominance of all ports on the Gulf of Mexico except Galveston, Texas.

The United Kingdom captures Hong Kong as a base as it prepares for the First Opium War with Qing China.

Nat Turner's rebellion of enslaved Virginians is suppressed.

At the Battle of Großbeeren, the Prussians under Von Bülow repulse the French army.

Napoleon Bonaparte leaves Egypt for France en route to seizing power.

Western North Carolina (now eastern Tennessee) declares itself an independent state under the name of Franklin; it is not accepted into the United States, and only lasts for four years.

British forces under Edward Despard complete the reconquest of the Black River settlements on the Mosquito Coast from the Spanish.

American Revolutionary War: King George III delivers his Proclamation of Rebellion to the Court of St James's stating that the American colonies have proceeded to a state of open and avowed rebellion.

Edirne event: Sultan Mustafa II of the Ottoman Empire is dethroned.

Battle of Sobota: The Swedish Empire led by Charles X Gustav defeats the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

George Villiers, the first Duke of Buckingham, is assassinated by John Felton.

Battle of Gifu Castle: The eastern forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu defeat the western Japanese clans loyal to Toyotomi Hideyori, leading to the destruction of Gifu Castle and serving as a prelude to the Battle of Sekigahara.

Long Turkish War: Wallachian prince Michael the Brave confronts the Ottoman army in the Battle of Călugăreni and achieves a tactical victory.[citation needed]

French Wars of Religion: Mob violence against thousands of Huguenots in Paris results in the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.

French explorer Jacques Cartier lands near Quebec City in his third voyage to Canada.

Christian II of Denmark is deposed as king of Sweden and Gustav Vasa is elected regent.

The Battle of Chaldiran ends with a decisive victory for the Sultan Selim I, Ottoman Empire, over the Shah Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty.

Siege of Moscow: The Golden Horde led by Tokhtamysh lays siege to the capital of the Principality of Moscow.

Battle of Cassel: French troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers.

The Battle of Tagliacozzo marks the fall of the Hohenstaufen family from the Imperial and Sicilian thrones, and leading to the new chapter of Angevin domination in Southern Italy.

Siege of Jerusalem: The city's citadel, the Tower of David, surrenders to the Khwarazmiyya.

Odoacer, chieftain of the Germanic tribes (Herulic – Scirian foederati), is proclaimed rex Italiae ("King of Italy") by his troops.

Mount Vesuvius begins stirring, on the feast day of Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.

After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra.[citation needed]

Boryana Kaleyn, Bulgarian rhythmic gymnast and Olympic silver medalist

P. J. Washington, American basketball player

Lil Yachty, American rapper and singer

Alejo Igoa, Argentine YouTuber

Gabriela Lee, Romanian tennis player

Cameron Norrie, British tennis player

August Ames, Canadian pornographic actress (died 2017)

Jusuf Nurkić, Bosnian basketball player

Taylor Decker, American football player

Tyler Glasnow, American baseball player

Iván López, Spanish professional footballer

Nicola Docherty, Scottish footballer

Seth Curry, American basketball player

Mike Yastrzemski, American baseball player

Lianne La Havas, British singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist

Trixie Mattel, American drag queen, actor, and country singer

Heiko Schwarz, German footballer

TeddyLoid, Japanese musician

Olga Govortsova, Belarusian tennis player

Carl Hagelin, Swedish ice hockey player

Jeremy Lin, American basketball player

Kim Matula, American actress

Miles Mikolas, American baseball player

Darren Collison, American basketball player

Sky Blu, American rapper and DJ

Neil Cicierega, American comedian and musician

Ayron Jones, American musician

Brett Morris, Australian rugby league player

Josh Morris, Australian rugby league player

Valeria Lukyanova, Moldovan-Ukrainian model and singer

Glen Johnson, English footballer

Eric Tai, New Zealand rugby player and actor

James Collins, Welsh footballer

Athena Farrokhzad, Iranian-Swedish poet, playwright, and critic

Sun Mingming, Chinese basketball player

Tony Moll, American football player

Fiona Onasanya, British politician and criminal

Bruno Spengler, Canadian race car driver

Natalie Coughlin, American swimmer

Scott Palguta, American soccer player

Cristian Tudor, Romanian footballer (died 2012)

Carlos Cuéllar, Spanish footballer

Jaime Lee Kirchner, American actress

Stephan Loboué, Ivorian footballer

Denny Bautista, Dominican baseball player

Nadine Jolie Courtney, American journalist, reality personality and author

Joanne Froggatt, English actress

Rex Grossman, American football player

Nenad Vučković, Serbian handball player

Jessica Bibby, Australian basketball player

Saskia Clark, English sailor

Edgar Sosa, Mexican boxer

Zuzana Váleková, Slovak tennis player

Kobe Bryant, American basketball player and businessman (died 2020)

Julian Casablancas, American singer-songwriter and producer

Randal Tye Thomas, American journalist and politician (died 2014)

Andrew Rannells, American actor and singer

Douglas Sequeira, Costa Rican footballer and manager

Jared Fogle, American spokesman and criminal

Scott Caan, American actor

Pat Garrity, American basketball player and executive

Eliza Carthy, English folk musician

Sean Marks, New Zealand basketball player and manager

Jarkko Ruutu, Finnish ice hockey player

Lexi Alexander, American film and television director

Mark Bellhorn, American baseball player

Benjamin Limo, Kenyan runner

Konstantin Novoselov, Russian-English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

Ray Park, Scottish actor and stuntman

Casey Blake, American baseball player

Kerry Walmsley, New Zealand cricketer

Mark Butcher, English cricketer and singer

Raul Casanova, Puerto Rican-American baseball player

Anthony Calvillo, Canadian football player

Martin Grainger, English footballer and manager

Manuel Vidrio, Mexican footballer, coach, and manager

Demetrio Albertini, Italian footballer and manager

Tim Gutberlet, German footballer

Gretchen Whitmer, 49th Governor of Michigan

Lawrence Frank, American basketball player and coach

Jason Hetherington, Australian rugby league player

Jay Mohr, American actor, producer, and screenwriter

River Phoenix, American actor (died 1993)

Tinus Linee, South African rugby player and coach (died 2014)

Jack Lopresti, English soldier and politician

Jeremy Schaap, American journalist and author

Keith Tyson, English painter and illustrator

Laura Claycomb, American soprano

Chris DiMarco, American golfer

Cortez Kennedy, American football player (died 2017)

Jim Murphy, Scottish lawyer and politician, Minister of State for Europe

Richard Petrie, New Zealand cricketer

Rik Smits, Dutch-American basketball player

Roger Avary, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter

Ray Ferraro, Canadian ice hockey player and broadcaster

Kong Hee, Singaporean minister and criminal

Park Chan-wook, South Korean director, producer, and screenwriter

Glória Pires, Brazilian actress

Richard Illingworth, English cricketer and umpire

Kenny Wallace, American race car driver

Martin Cauchon, Canadian lawyer and politician, 46th Canadian Minister of Justice

Shaun Ryder, English singer-songwriter and actor

Dean DeLeo, American guitarist and songwriter

Alexandre Desplat, French composer and conductor

Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, Iranian commander and politician, 54th Mayor of Tehran

Gary Mabbutt, English footballer

Hitomi Takahashi, Japanese actress

Gary Hoey, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer

Edwyn Collins, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist

George Kalovelonis, Greek tennis player and coach

Julio Franco, Dominican baseball player and manager

Tasos Mitropoulos, Greek footballer and politician

Andreas Floer, German mathematician and academic (died 1991)

Valgerd Svarstad Haugland, Norwegian educator and politician, Norwegian Minister of Culture

Skipp Sudduth, American actor

David Learner, British actor

Charles Busch, American actor and screenwriter

Halimah Yacob, Singaporean unionist and politician, 9th Speaker and 8th President of Singapore

Bobby G, English singer-songwriter

Santillana, Spanish footballer

Georgios Paraschos, Greek footballer and manager

Mark Hudson, American record producer and musician

Jimi Jamison, American singer-songwriter and musician (died 2014)

Akhmad Kadyrov, Chechen cleric and politician, 1st President of the Chechen Republic (died 2004)

Queen Noor of Jordan

Luigi Delneri, Italian footballer and manager

Vicky Leandros, Greek singer and politician

Shelley Long, American actress

Rick Springfield, Australian-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor

Atef Bseiso, Palestinian intelligence officer (died 1992)

Andrei Pleșu, Romanian journalist and politician, 95th Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs

Rudy Ruettiger, American football player

Lev Zeleny, Russian physicist and academic

David Robb, Scottish actor

Willy Russell, English playwright and composer

Linda Thompson, English folk-rock singer-songwriter

Keith Moon, English drummer, songwriter, and producer (died 1978)

Rayfield Wright, American football player and coach (died 2022)

Antonia Novello, Puerto Rican-American physician and admiral, 14th Surgeon General of the United States

Dale Campbell-Savours, Baron Campbell-Savours, English businessman and politician

Nelson DeMille, American lieutenant and author (died 2024)

Peter Lilley, English politician, Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills

Pino Presti, Italian bass player, composer, conductor, and producer

Rodney Alcala, American serial killer, rapist, and kidnapper (died 2021)

Nancy Richey, American tennis player

Onora O'Neill, Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve, British philosopher, academic, and politician

Galen Rowell, American mountaineer and photographer (died 2002)

Richard Sanders, American actor and screenwriter

Giacomo Bini, Italian priest and missionary (died 2014)

Roger Greenaway, English singer-songwriter and producer

Rudy Lewis, American R&B singer (died 1964)

Henry Lee Lucas, American murderer (died 2001)

Roy Strong, English historian, curator, and author

Sonny Jurgensen, American football player and sportscaster

Robert Curl, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2022)

Don Talbot, Australian swim coach and administrator (died 2020)

Pete Wilson, American commander and politician, 36th Governor of California

Houari Boumediene, Algerian colonel and politician, 2nd President of Algeria (died 1978)

Enos Nkala, Zimbabwean soldier and politician, Zimbabwean Minister of Defence (died 2013)

Mark Russell, American comedian and pianist (died 2023)

Barbara Eden, American actress and singer

Hamilton O. Smith, American microbiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

Michel Rocard, French civil servant and politician, 160th Prime Minister of France (died 2016)

Vera Miles, American actress

Vladimir Beekman, Estonian poet and translator (died 2009)

Zoltán Czibor, Hungarian footballer (died 1997)

Peter Thomson, Australian golfer (died 2018)

Marian Seldes, American actress (died 2014)

Dick Bruna, Dutch author and illustrator (died 2017)

Allan Kaprow, American painter and author (died 2006)

Martial Solal, Algerian-French pianist and composer (died 2024)

Clifford Geertz, American anthropologist and academic (died 2006)

Gyula Hernádi, Hungarian author and screenwriter (died 2005)

Robert Mulligan, American director and producer (died 2008)

Ephraim Kishon, Israeli author, screenwriter, and director (died 2005)

Madeleine Riffaud, French poet, journalist and Resistance member (died 2024)

Robert Solow, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2023)

Nazik Al-Malaika, Iraqi poet and academic (died 2007)

Jean Darling, American actress and singer (died 2015)

George Kell, American baseball player and sportscaster (died 2009)

Kenneth Arrow, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2017)

Sam Cook, English cricketer and umpire (died 1996)

Vladimir Abramovich Rokhlin, Azerbaijani mathematician and theorist (died 1984)

Tex Williams, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1985)

Bob Crosby, American swing singer and bandleader (died 1993)

Gene Kelly, American actor, singer, and dancer (died 1996)

Igor Troubetzkoy, Russian aristocrat and race car driver (died 2008)

Betty Robinson, American sprinter (died 1999)

J.V. Cunningham, American poet, literary critic, and translator (died 1985)

Lonny Frey, American baseball player and soldier (died 2009)

Giuseppe Meazza, Italian footballer and manager (died 1979)

Syd Buller, English cricketer and umpire (died 1970)

Hannah Frank, Scottish sculptor and illustrator (died 2008)

Zoltan Sarosy, Hungarian-Canadian chess master (died 2017)

Ernie Bushmiller, American cartoonist (died 1982)

Constant Lambert, English composer and conductor (died 1951)

William Primrose, Scottish viola player and educator (died 1982)

Guy Bush, American baseball player and manager (died 1985)

John Sherman Cooper, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 2nd United States Ambassador to East Germany (died 1991)

Frances Adaskin, Canadian pianist (died 2001)

Ernst Krenek, Austrian-American composer and educator (died 1991)

Malvina Reynolds, American singer-songwriter and activist (died 1978)

Henry F. Pringle, American historian and journalist (died 1958)

John Auden, English solicitor, deputy coroner and a territorial soldier (died 1959)

Roy Agnew, Australian pianist and composer (died 1944)

Minna Craucher, Finnish socialite and spy (died 1932)

Harry Frank Guggenheim, American businessman and publisher, co-founded Newsday (died 1971)

Will Cuppy, American author and critic (died 1949)

Ogden L. Mills, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 50th United States Secretary of the Treasury (died 1937)

Jonathan M. Wainwright, American general, Medal of Honor recipient (died 1953)

Volin, Russia anarchist intellectual (died 1945)

Alexander Grin, Russian sailor and author (died 1932)

István Medgyaszay, Hungarian architect and academic (died 1959)

William Eccles, English physicist and engineer (died 1966)

Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter and sculptor (died 1946)

Tanguturi Prakasam, Indian lawyer and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Andhra (died 1957)

Edgar Lee Masters, American lawyer, author, poet, and playwright (died 1950)

Edgar de Wahl, Ukrainian-Estonian linguist and academic (died 1948)

Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek lawyer, jurist, and politician, 93rd Prime Minister of Greece (died 1936)

Moritz Moszkowski, Polish-German pianist and composer (died 1925)

Radha Gobinda Kar, Indian physician and philanthropist (died 1918)

Clímaco Calderón, Colombian lawyer and politician, 15th President of Colombia (died 1913)

Arnold Toynbee, English economist and historian (died 1883)

John Cockburn, Scottish-Australian politician, 18th Premier of South Australia (died 1929)

William Ernest Henley, English poet and critic (died 1903)

Sarah Frances Whiting, American physicist and astronomer (died 1927)

Alexander Milne Calder, Scottish-American sculptor (died 1923)

William Southam, Canadian publisher (died 1932)

Moritz Cantor, German mathematician and historian (died 1920)

James Roosevelt Bayley, American archbishop (died 1877)

Anton von Schmerling, Austrian judge and politician (died 1893)

Evangelos Zappas, Greek patriot, philanthropist, and businessman (died 1865)

Oliver Hazard Perry, American commander (died 1819)

William Tierney Clark, English engineer, designed the Hammersmith Bridge (died 1852)

Georges Cuvier, French biologist and academic (died 1832)

Astley Cooper, British surgeon and anatomist (died 1841)

Louis XVI of France (died 1793)

Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse, French admiral and explorer (died 1788)

Abraham Yates Jr., American lawyer and civil servant (died 1796)

Stanisław Lubieniecki, Polish astronomer, theologian, and historian (died 1675)

Thomas Dempster, Scottish scholar and historian (died 1625)

François Hotman, French lawyer and jurist (died 1590)

Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal (died 1500)

Sigismund von Herberstein, Slovenian historian and diplomat (died 1566)

Cho Kwangjo, Korean philosopher (died 1520)

Dmitry Utkin, Russian army officer, founder of Wagner Group (born 1970)

Yevgeny Prigozhin, Russian businessman, chief of Wagner Group (born 1961)

Terry Funk, American professional wrestler (born 1944)

Elizabeth Blackadder, Scottish painter and printmaker (born 1931)

Augusta Chiwy, Congolese-Belgian nurse (born 1921)

Guy Ligier, French rugby player and race car driver (born 1930)

Enrique Reneau, Honduran footballer (born 1971)

Paul Royle, Australian lieutenant and pilot (born 1914)

Albert Ebossé Bodjongo, Cameroonian footballer (born 1989)

Annefleur Kalvenhaar, Dutch cyclist (born 1994)

Birgitta Stenberg, Swedish author and illustrator (born 1932)

Jaume Vallcorba Plana, Spanish philologist and publisher (born 1949)

Richard J. Corman, American businessman, founded the R.J. Corman Railroad Group (born 1955)

William Glasser, American psychiatrist and author (born 1925)

Charles Lisanby, American production designer and set director (born 1924)

Konstanty Miodowicz, Polish ethnographer and politician (born 1951)

Vesna Rožič, Slovenian chess player (born 1987)

Tatyana Zaslavskaya, Russian sociologist and economist (born 1927)

Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer and voice actor (born 1934)

Josepha Sherman, American anthologist and author (born 1946)

John Russell, English-American author and critic (born 1919)

Maynard Ferguson, Canadian trumpet player and bandleader (born 1928)

Brock Peters, American actor (born 1927)

Bobby Bonds, American baseball player and manager (born 1946)

Jack Dyer, Australian footballer and coach (born 1913)

Jan Sedivka, Czech-Australian violinist and educator (born 1917)

Michael Kijana Wamalwa, Kenyan lawyer and politician, 8th Vice President of Kenya (born 1944)

Hoyt Wilhelm, American baseball player and coach (born 1922)

Kathleen Freeman, American actress (born 1919)

Peter Maas, American journalist and author (born 1929)

John Anthony Kaiser, American priest and missionary (born 1932)

Norman Wexler, American screenwriter (born 1926)

James White, Irish author (born 1928)

Eric Gairy, Grenadian educator and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Grenada (born 1922)

John Kendrew, English biochemist and crystallographer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1917)

Margaret Tucker, Australian author and activist (born 1904)

Alfred Eisenstaedt, German-American photographer and journalist (born 1898)

Zoltán Fábri, Hungarian director and screenwriter (born 1917)

David Rose, American pianist and composer (born 1910)

Mohammed Abed Elhai, Sudanese poet and academic (born 1944)

R. D. Laing, Scottish psychiatrist and author (born 1927)

Didier Pironi, French race car and boat driver (born 1952)

Stanford Moore, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1913)

Naum Gabo, Russian sculptor and academic (born 1890)

Faruk Gürler, Turkish general (born 1913)

Roberto Assagioli, Italian psychiatrist and author (born 1888)

Georges Berger, Belgian race car driver (born 1918)

Nathaniel Cartmell, American runner and coach (born 1883)

Francis X. Bushman, American actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1883)

Edmond Hogan, Australian politician, 30th Premier of Victoria (born 1883)

Walter Anderson, Russian-German ethnologist and academic (born 1885)

Hoot Gibson, American actor, director, and producer (born 1892)

Oscar Hammerstein II, American director, producer, and composer (born 1895)

Jaan Sarv, Estonian mathematician and scholar (born 1877)

Helen Churchill Candee, American geographer, journalist, and author (born 1858)

Abdülmecid II, Ottoman sultan (born 1868)

Stefan Filipkiewicz, Polish painter and illustrator (born 1879)

Albert Roussel, French composer (born 1869)

Adolf Loos, Austrian architect and theoretician, designed Villa Müller (born 1870)

Nicola Sacco, Italian anarchist convicted of murder (born 1891)

Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian anarchist convicted of murder (born 1888)

Rudolph Valentino, Italian actor (born 1895)

Heinrich Berté, Slovak-Austrian composer (born 1856)

Kuroda Kiyotaka, Japanese general and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Japan (born 1840)

Deodoro da Fonseca, Brazilian field marshal and politician, 1st President of Brazil (born 1827)

William Thompson, British boxer (born 1811)

Auguste-Marseille Barthélemy, French poet and author (born 1796)

Alexander Calder, American lawyer and politician (born 1806)

Thomas R. Gray, American author and diplomat (born 1800)

Ferenc Kazinczy, Hungarian author and poet (born 1759)

August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, Prussian field marshal (born 1760)

Oliver Hazard Perry, American commander (born 1785)

Alexander Wilson, Scottish-American poet, ornithologist, and illustrator (born 1766)

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist and engineer (born 1736)

Increase Mather, American minister and author (born 1639)

Edward Nott, English politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia (born 1654)

John Byron, 1st Baron Byron, English soldier and politician (born 1600)

George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire (born 1592)

Gerbrand Adriaenszoon Bredero, Dutch poet and playwright (born 1585)

Luis de León, Spanish poet and academic (born 1527)

Ebussuud Efendi, Turkish lawyer and jurist (born 1490)

Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton (born 1495)

Guillaume Budé, French philosopher and scholar (born 1467)

Philibert Berthelier, Swiss soldier (born 1465)

Jean Molinet, French poet and composer (born 1435)

Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal, eldest daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (born 1470)

Thomas de Littleton, English judge and legal author (born c. 1407)

Johannes Pullois, Franco-Flemish composer (born c. 1420?)

Gil Álvarez Carrillo de Albornoz, Spanish cardinal (born 1310)

Chen Youliang, founder of the Dahan regime (born 1320)

John de Stratford, Archbishop of Canterbury

Heilwige Bloemardinne, Christian mystic (born c. 1265)

Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine (born 1282)

Nicolaas Zannekin, Flemish peasant leader (in the battle of Cassel)

William Wallace, Scottish knight and rebel leader (born c.1270)

Emperor Rokujō of Japan (born 1164)

Magnus, Duke of Saxony (born 1045)

Volkold, bishop of Meissen

Abu Bakr, Arabian caliph (born 573)

Radagaisus, Gothic king

Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman general and politician (born AD 40)

Caesarion, Egyptian king (born 47 BC)

Marcus Antonius Antyllus, Roman soldier (born 47 BC)

Battle of Kursk Day (Russia)

Christian feast day: Ascelina

Christian feast day: Asterius, Claudius, and Neon

Christian feast day: Éogan of Ardstraw

Christian feast day: Lupus (Luppus) of Novae

Christian feast day: Philip Benitius

Christian feast day: Quiriacus and companions, of Ostia

Christian feast day: Rose of Lima

Christian feast day: Tydfil

Christian feast day: Zacchaeus of Jerusalem

Christian feast day: August 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Day of the National Flag (Ukraine)

European Day of Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism or Black Ribbon Day (European Union and other countries), and related observances: Liberation from Fascist Occupation Day (Romania)

International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition

National Day for Physicians (Iran)

The memorial day for the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis(the August 23 shelling war) ( Taiwan)