A heavy bomber that had been unintentionally loaded with nuclear missiles flew them from North Dakota to Louisiana before they were recognized.
German racing driver Michael Schumacher (pictured) won the Belgian Grand Prix, the first of his 91 Formula One Grand Prix wins.
Gulf War: US General Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. issued General Order No. 1 prohibiting US troops from consuming alcohol or possessing pornographic material.
Discovery, the third orbiter of NASA's Space Shuttle program, lifted off on its maiden voyage from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.
Iranian president Mohammad-Ali Rajai and prime minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar were assassinated in a bombing committed by the People's Mujahedin of Iran.
An express train carrying foreign workers from Yugoslavia to West Germany derailed in Zagreb, killing 153 people.
South Vietnamese opposition figure Phan Quang Đán was elected to the National Assembly, despite soldiers being bussed in to vote multiple times for President Ngô Đình Diệm's candidate.
Writer and politician Abdul Muis became the first person to be awarded the posthumous title of National Hero of Indonesia.
British and Australian prisoners of war in Singapore revolted against their Japanese captors, who required them to pledge not to escape.
Second World War: German field marshal Erwin Rommel launched the last major Axis offensive of the Western Desert campaign, attacking British positions near El Alamein, Egypt.
World War I: The Battle of Tannenberg resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Russian 2nd Army by the German 8th Army.
King James VI of Scotland held a masque at the baptism of Prince Henry, his first child.
Guru Ram Das (pictured) became the fourth of the Sikh gurus, the spiritual masters of Sikhism.
First Jewish–Roman War: Roman forces led by Titus set fire to the Second Temple during the siege of Jerusalem.
Gabonese coup d'état: After Ali Bongo Ondimba's reelection, a military coup ousted him, ending 56 years of Bongo family rule in Gabon.
The last remaining American troops leave Afghanistan, ending U.S. involvement in the war.
Prime Minister of Lesotho Tom Thabane flees to South Africa as the army allegedly stages a coup.
A Conviasa Boeing 737 crashes into Illiniza Volcano in Ecuador, killing all three people on board.
Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4823 crashes on approach to Rio Branco International Airport, killing 23 of the 31 people on board.
Second Congo War: Armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and their Angolan and Zimbabwean allies recapture Matadi and the Inga dams in the western DRC from RCD and Rwandan troops.
Bosnian War: NATO launches Operation Deliberate Force against Bosnian Serb forces.
The 11-day Ruby Ridge standoff ends with Randy Weaver surrendering to federal authorities.
Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Azerbaijan declares independence from Soviet Union.
STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery takes off on its maiden voyage.
Aeroflot Flight 5463 crashes into Dolan Mountain while approaching Almaty International Airport in present-day Kazakhstan, killing all 90 people on board.
STS-8: The Space Shuttle Challenger takes off on the first night launch of the shuttle program. Guion Bluford becomes the first African-American in space on this mission.
President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar of Iran are assassinated in a bombing. The office of Iran's Prosecutor General blames the People's Mujahedin of Iran.
A Belgrade–Dortmund express train derails at the main train station in Zagreb killing 153 passengers.
A powerful bomb explodes at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries headquarters in Marunouchi, Tokyo. Eight are killed, 378 are injured. Eight left-wing activists are arrested on May 19, 1975, by Japanese authorities.
The Third World Population Conference ends in Bucharest, Romania. At the end of the ceremony, the UN-Romanian Demographic Centre is inaugurated.
Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first African American Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
The Moscow–Washington hotline between the leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union goes into operation.
Japan conducts a test of the NAMC YS-11, its first aircraft since World War II and its only successful commercial aircraft from before or after the war.
South Vietnamese opposition figure Phan Quang Dan was elected to the National Assembly despite soldiers being bussed in to vote for President Ngo Dinh Diem's candidate.
The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong comes to an end.
The Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, General Douglas MacArthur lands at Atsugi Air Force Base.
The Allied Control Council, governing Germany after World War II, comes into being.
World War II: The Battle of Alam el Halfa begins.
The Tighina Agreement, a treaty regarding administration issues of the Transnistria Governorate, is signed between Germany and Romania.
The Second Vienna Award reassigns the territory of Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary.
The RMS Queen Mary wins the Blue Riband by setting the fastest transatlantic crossing.
Battle of Dumlupınar: The final battle in the Greco-Turkish War (Turkish War of Independence).
Fanni Kaplan shoots and seriously injures Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin, which along with the assassination of Bolshevik senior official Moisei Uritsky days earlier, prompts the decree for Red Terror.
Vietnamese prison guards led by Trịnh Văn Cấn mutiny at the Thái Nguyên penitentiary against local French authority.
Ernest Shackleton completes the rescue of all of his men stranded on Elephant Island in Antarctica.
World War I: Germans defeat the Russians in the Battle of Tannenberg.
Burgess Shale fossils are discovered by Charles Doolittle Walcott.
Philippine Revolution: After Spanish victory in the Battle of San Juan del Monte, eight provinces in the Philippines are declared under martial law by the Spanish Governor-General Ramón Blanco y Erenas.
Austrian explorers Julius von Payer and Karl Weyprecht discover the archipelago of Franz Josef Land in the Arctic Sea.
American Civil War: Battle of Richmond: Confederates under Edmund Kirby Smith rout Union forces under General William "Bull" Nelson.
The city of Houston is founded by Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen.
Australia: Melbourne, Victoria is founded.
First Battle of Kulm: French forces are defeated by an Austrian-Prussian-Russian alliance.
Creek War: Fort Mims massacre: Creek "Red Sticks" kill over 500 settlers (including over 250 armed militia) in Fort Mims, north of Mobile, Alabama.
Gabriel Prosser postpones a planned slave rebellion in Richmond, Virginia, but is arrested before he can make it happen.
The entire Dutch fleet is captured by British forces under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell during the War of the Second Coalition.
HMS Pandora sinks after having run aground on the outer Great Barrier Reef the previous day.
Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf: Russian force under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin beats a smaller Prussian force commanded by Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt, during the Seven Years' War.
Anne, eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain, is given the title Princess Royal.
The Great Northern War between Sweden and Russia ends in the Treaty of Nystad.
King James VI of Scotland holds a masque at the baptism of Prince Henry at Stirling Castle.
Tokugawa Ieyasu enters Edo Castle. (Traditional Japanese date: August 1, 1590)
Guru Ram Das becomes the Fourth Sikh Guru/Master.
Pope Paul II succeeds Pope Pius II as the 211th pope.
The five-week Battle of Lake Poyang begins, in which the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders (Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang) meet to decide who will supplant the Yuan dynasty.
Peter III of Aragon lands at Trapani to intervene in the War of the Sicilian Vespers.
The Mirdasids defeat the Fatimid Caliphate at the Battle of al-Funaydiq, signalling the definitive loss of Aleppo for the Fatimids.
Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple.
Fábio Carvalho, Portuguese footballer
Drake Maye, American football player
Mikal Bridges, American basketball player
Trevor Jackson, American actor and singer-songwriter
Monika Povilaitytė, Lithuanian volleyball player
Heo Young-ji, South Korean singer
Kwon So-hyun, South Korean singer-songwriter and actress
Jessica Henwick, British actress
Seriki Audu, Nigerian footballer (died 2014)
Jacqueline Cako, American tennis player
Liam Cooper, Scottish footballer
Simone Guerra, Italian footballer
Ronald Huth, Paraguayan footballer
Bebe Rexha, American singer-songwriter
Ernests Gulbis, Latvian tennis player
Johanna Braddy, American actress
Tania Foster, English singer-songwriter
Theo Hutchcraft, English singer-songwriter
Lelia Masaga, New Zealand rugby player
Ryan Ross, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
Zafer Yelen, Turkish footballer
Duane Brown, American football player
Richard Duffy, Welsh footballer
Joe Inoue, American singer-songwriter
Leisel Jones, Australian swimmer
Éva Risztov, Hungarian swimmer
Steven Smith, Scottish footballer
Eamon Sullivan, Australian swimmer
Anna Ushenina, Ukrainian chess player
Holly Weston, English actress
Anthony Ireland, Zimbabwean cricketer
Joe Staley, American football player
Michael Grant Terry, American actor
Emmanuel Culio, Argentine footballer
Gustavo Eberto, Argentine footballer (died 2007)
Jun Matsumoto, Japanese singer, dancer, and actor
Simone Pepe, Italian footballer
Tian Qin, Chinese canoe racer
Marco Vianello, Italian footballer
Will Davison, Australian race car driver
Andy Roddick, American tennis player
Germán Legarreta, Puerto Rican-American actor
Adam Wainwright, American baseball player
Roberto Hernández, Dominican baseball player
Juan Ignacio Chela, Argentine tennis player
Leon Lopez, English singer-songwriter and actor
Scott Richmond, Canadian baseball player
Sinead Kerr, Scottish figure skater
Cliff Lee, American baseball player
Shaun Alexander, American football player
Marlon Byrd, American baseball player
Raúl Castillo, American actor
Michael Gladis, American actor
Kamil Kosowski, Polish footballer
Félix Sánchez, American-Dominican runner and hurdler
Mike Koplove, American baseball player
Radhi Jaïdi, Tunisian footballer and coach
Javier Otxoa, Spanish cyclist (died 2018)
Lisa Ling, American journalist and author
Cameron Diaz, American model, actress, and producer
Pavel Nedvěd, Czech footballer
Hani Hanjour, Saudi terrorist, hijacker of American Airlines Flight 77 during the September 11 attacks (died 2001)
Lars Frederiksen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
Julian Smith, Scottish politician
Carlo Checchinato, Italian rugby player and manager
Paulo Sousa, Portuguese footballer and manager
Michael Wong, Malaysian-Chinese singer-songwriter
Vladimir Jugović, Serbian footballer
Dimitris Sgouros, Greek pianist and composer
Diran Adebayo, English author and critic
Vladimir Malakhov, Russian ice hockey player
Frederique van der Wal, Dutch model and actress
Justin Vaughan, New Zealand cricketer
Peter Cunnah, Northern Irish singer-songwriter and producer
Joann Fletcher, English historian and academic
Michael Michele, American actress
Gavin Fisher, English engineer and designer
Ra Luhse, Estonian architect
Dave Brockie, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and bass player (died 2014)
Michael Chiklis, American actor, director, and producer
Sabine Oberhauser, Austrian physician and politician (died 2017)
Phil Mills, Welsh race car driver
Ricky Sanders, American football player
Craig Whittaker, English businessman and politician
Ben Bradshaw, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
Gary Gordon, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (died 1993)
Guy A. Lepage, Canadian comedian and producer
Mark "Jacko" Jackson, Australian footballer, actor, and singer
Karen Buck, Northern Irish politician
Fran Fraschilla, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
Muriel Gray, Scottish journalist and author
Anna Politkovskaya, Russian journalist and activist (died 2006)
Peter Tunks, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
Gerald Albright, American musician
Frank Conniff, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
Jamie Moses, English-American guitarist
Martin Jackson, English drummer
Alexander Lukashenko, Belarusian marshal and politician, 1st President of Belarus
Ravi Shankar Prasad, Indian lawyer and politician, Indian Minister of Communications and IT
David Paymer, American actor and director
Ron George, American businessman and politician
Lech Majewski, Polish director, producer, and screenwriter
Horace Panter, English bass player
Robert Parish, American basketball player
Simon Bainbridge, English composer and educator (died 2021)
Wojtek Fibak, Polish tennis player
Timothy Bottoms, American actor
Gediminas Kirkilas, Lithuanian politician, 11th Prime Minister of Lithuania (died 2024)
Jim Paredes, Filipino singer-songwriter and actor
Antony Gormley, English sculptor and academic
Dana Rosemary Scallon, Irish singer and activist
Ted Ammon, American financier and banker (died 2001)
Don Boudria, Canadian public servant and politician, 2nd Canadian Minister for International Cooperation
Lewis Black, American comedian, actor, and author
Fred Hampton, American activist and revolutionary, chairman of the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party (died 1969)
Victor Skumin, Russian psychiatrist, psychologist, and academic
Allan Rock, Canadian lawyer, politician, and diplomat, Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations
Queen Anne-Marie of Greece
Peggy Lipton, American model and actress (died 2019)
Frances Cairncross, English economist, journalist, and academic
Freek de Jonge, Dutch singer and comedian
Molly Ivins, American journalist and author (died 2007)
Tug McGraw, American baseball player (died 2004)
Alex Wyllie, New Zealand rugby player and coach (died 2025)
Tal Brody, American-Israeli basketball player and coach
Robert Crumb, American illustrator
Colin Dann, English author
Nigel Hall, English sculptor and academic
Jean-Claude Killy, French skier
David Maslanka, American composer and academic (died 2017)
Jonathan Aitken, Irish-British journalist and politician, Minister for Defence Procurement
John Kani, South African actor
Pervez Sajjad, Pakistani cricketer
Ignazio Giunti, Italian race car driver (died 1971)
Ben Jones, American actor and politician
Sue MacGregor, English journalist and radio host
John McNally, English singer and guitarist
Jack Biondolillo, American bowler (died 2021)
Elizabeth Ashley, American actress
John Peel, English radio host and producer (died 2004)
Murray Gleeson, Australian lawyer and judge, 11th Chief Justice of Australia
Bruce McLaren, New Zealand race car driver and engineer, founded the McLaren racing team (died 1970)
Peter North, English scholar and academic
John Phillips, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2001)
Alexandra Bellow, Romanian-American mathematician
Antonio Cabangon Chua, Filipino media mogul and businessman (died 2016)
Don Getty, Canadian football player and politician, 11th Premier of Alberta (died 2016)
Jack Swigert, American pilot and astronaut (died 1982)
Warren Buffett, American businessman and philanthropist
Noel Harford, New Zealand cricketer and basketball player (died 1981)
Guy de Lussigny, French painter and sculptor (died 2001)
Ian McNaught-Davis, English mountaineer and television host (died 2014)
Lloyd Casner, American race car driver (died 1965)
Harvey Hart, Canadian director and producer (died 1989)
Johnny Mann, American singer-songwriter and conductor (died 2014)
Bill Daily, American actor and comedian (died 2018)
Piet Kee, Dutch organist and composer (died 2018)
Daryl Gates, American police officer, created the D.A.R.E. Program (died 2010)
Laurent de Brunhoff, French author and illustrator (died 2024)
Donald Symington, American actor (died 2013)
Kenny Dorham, American singer-songwriter and trumpet player (died 1972)
Lajos Kisfaludy, Hungarian chemist and engineer (died 1988)
Geoffrey Beene, American fashion designer (died 2004)
Barbara Ansell, English physician and author (died 2001)
Charmian Clift, Australian journalist and author (died 1969)
Vic Seixas, American tennis player (died 2024)
Lionel Murphy, Australian jurist and politician, 22nd Attorney-General of Australia (died 1986)
Regina Resnik, American soprano and actress (died 2013)
Arnold Green, Estonian soldier and politician (died 2011)
Maurice Hilleman, American microbiologist and vaccinologist (died 2005)
Wolfgang Wagner, German director and manager (died 2010)
Kitty Wells, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2012)
Harold Atcherley, English businessman (died 2017)
Billy Johnson, American baseball player (died 2006)
Ted Williams, American baseball player and manager (died 2002)
Dan Enright, American television producer (died 1992)
Denis Healey, English soldier and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (died 2015)
Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia (died 1992)
Shailendra, Pakistani-Indian songwriter (died 1968)
Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland (died 2013)
Robert Strassburg, American composer, conductor, and educator (died 2003)
Richard Stone, English economist and statistician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1991)
Edward Mills Purcell, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1997)
Nancy Wake, New Zealand-English captain (died 2011)
Roger Bushell, South African-English soldier and pilot (died 1944)
Virginia Lee Burton, American author and illustrator (died 1968)
Fred MacMurray, American actor (died 1991)
Leonor Fini, Argentine painter, illustrator, and author (died 1996)
Bertha Parker Pallan, American archaeologist (died 1978)
John Mauchly, American physicist and co-founder of the first computer company (died 1980)
Joan Blondell, American actress and singer (died 1979)
Olga Taussky-Todd, Austrian mathematician (died 1995)
Bhagwati Charan Verma, Indian author (died 1981)
John Gunther, American journalist and author (died 1970)
Roy Wilkins, American journalist and activist (died 1981)
Shirley Booth, American actress and singer (died 1992)
Raymond Massey, Canadian-American actor and playwright (died 1983)
Huey Long, American lawyer and politician, 40th Governor of Louisiana (died 1935)
Samuel Frederick Henry Thompson, English captain and pilot (died 1918)
Paul Kochanski, Polish violinist and composer (died 1934)
Tedda Courtney, Australian rugby league player and coach (died 1957)
Theodor Svedberg, Swedish chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1971)
Theo van Doesburg, Dutch artist (died 1931)
Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand-English physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1937)
Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna of Russia (died 1891)
Isaac Levitan, Russian painter and illustrator (died 1900)
Ignaz Sowinski, Galician architect (died 1917)
Carl David Tolmé Runge, German mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist (died 1927)
Evelyn De Morgan, English painter (died 1919)
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1911)
J. Alden Weir, American painter and academic (died 1919)
Marcelo H. del Pilar, Filipino journalist and lawyer (died 1896)
Andrew Onderdonk, American surveyor and contractor (died 1905)
Emily Ruete/Salama bint Said, also called Sayyida Salme, a Princess of Zanzibar and Oman (died 1924)
Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna of Russia (died 1849)
Gulstan Ropert, French-American bishop and missionary (died 1903)
Alexander H. Rice, American businessman and politician, 30th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1895)
Agoston Haraszthy, Hungarian-American businessman, founded Buena Vista Winery (died 1869)
Mary Shelley, English novelist and playwright (died 1851)
Joseph Dennie, American author and journalist (died 1812)
Jacques-Louis David, French painter and illustrator (died 1825)
Samuel Whitbread, English brewer and politician, founded Whitbread (died 1796)
Capability Brown, English landscape architect (died 1783)
Itō Jinsai, Japanese philosopher (died 1705)
Sir Alexander Carew, 2nd Baronet, English politician (died 1644)
Artus Quellinus the Elder, Flemish sculptor (died 1668)
Albert Szenczi Molnár, Hungarian writer and translator (died 1634)
Peter of Castile (died 1369)
Tūheitia Paki, Māori King (born 1955)
Fatman Scoop, American rapper, hype man and radio personality (born 1971)
Mikhail Gorbachev, 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union (born 1931)
Valerie Harper, American actress and writer (born 1939)
Louise Hay, American motivational author (born 1926)
Skip Prokop, Canadian drummer, guitarist and keyboardist (born 1943)
Wes Craven, American director, producer, screenwriter, and actor (born 1939)
Edward Fadeley, American lawyer and politician (born 1929)
M. M. Kalburgi, Indian scholar, author, and academic (born 1938)
Marvin Mandel, American lawyer and politician, 56th Governor of Maryland (born 1920)
Oliver Sacks, English-American neurologist, author, and academic (born 1933)
Charles Bowden, American non-fiction author, journalist and essayist (born 1945)
Bipan Chandra, Indian historian and academic (born 1928)
Igor Decraene, Belgian cyclist (born 1996)
Andrew V. McLaglen, English-American director and producer (born 1920)
Felipe Osterling, Peruvian lawyer and politician (born 1932)
William C. Campbell, American golfer (born 1923)
Howie Crittenden, American basketball player and coach (born 1933)
Allan Gotthelf, American philosopher and academic (born 1942)
Seamus Heaney, Irish poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1939)
Leo Lewis, American football player and coach (born 1933)
J. C. Bailey, American wrestler (born 1983)
Alain Corneau, French director and screenwriter (born 1943)
Myrtle Edwards, Australian cricketer and softball player (born 1921)
Francisco Varallo, Argentine footballer (born 1910)
Klaus-Peter Hanisch, German footballer (born 1952)
Brian Hambly, Australian rugby player and coach (born 1937)
Killer Kowalski, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (born 1926)
Michael Jackson, English author and journalist (born 1942)
Charles Vanik, American soldier and politician (born 1918)
Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon, New Zealand lawyer and judge (born 1926)
Glenn Ford, Canadian-American actor and producer (born 1916)
Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1911)
Fred Lawrence Whipple, American astronomer and academic (born 1906)
Charles Bronson, American actor and soldier (born 1921)
Donald Davidson, American philosopher and academic (born 1917)
J. Lee Thompson, English-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1914)
Govan Mbeki, ANC activist and father of President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki (born 1910)
Reindert Brasser, Dutch discus thrower (born 1912)
Raymond Poïvet, French illustrator (born 1910)
Christine Pascal, French actress, director, and screenwriter (born 1953)
Fischer Black, American economist and academic (born 1938)
Sterling Morrison, American guitarist and singer (born 1942)
Lindsay Anderson, English director and screenwriter (born 1923)
Richard Jordan, American actor (born 1938)
Cyril Knowles, English footballer and manager (born 1944)
Vladimír Padrůněk, Czech bass player (born 1952)
Jean Tinguely, Swiss painter and sculptor (born 1925)
Bernard D. H. Tellegen, Dutch engineer and academic (born 1900)
Seymour Krim, American journalist and critic (born 1922)
Jack Marshall, New Zealand colonel, lawyer and politician, 28th Prime Minister of New Zealand (born 1912)
Taylor Caldwell, English-American author (born 1900)
Vera-Ellen, American actress and dancer (born 1921)
Mohammad-Ali Rajai, Iranian politician, 2nd President of Iran (born 1933)
Jean Seberg, American actress (born 1938)
Ali Hadi Bara, Iranian-Turkish sculptor (born 1906)
Del Moore, American comedian and actor (born 1916)
Abraham Zapruder, American clothing manufacturer, witness to the assassination of John F. Kennedy (born 1905)
William Talman, American actor and screenwriter (born 1915)
Ad Reinhardt, American painter, illustrator, and academic (born 1913)
Salme Dutt, Estonian-English lawyer and politician (born 1888)
Guy Burgess, English-Soviet spy (born 1911)
Cristóbal de Losada y Puga, Peruvian mathematician (born 1894)
Charles Coburn, American actor (born 1877)
Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster, Italian cardinal (born 1880)
Konstantin Märska, Estonian director and cinematographer (born 1896)
Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (born 1877)
Alice Salomon, German-American social reformer (born 1872)
Gunnar Sommerfeldt, Danish actor and director (born 1890)
Konstantin Rodzaevsky, Russian lawyer (born 1907)
Alfréd Schaffer, Hungarian footballer, coach, and manager (born 1893)
Eddy de Neve, Indonesian-Dutch footballer and lieutenant (born 1885)
Eustáquio van Lieshout, Dutch priest and missionary (born 1890)
Peder Oluf Pedersen, Danish physicist and engineer (born 1874)
J. J. Thomson, English physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1856)
Max Factor, Sr., Polish-born American make-up artist and businessman, founded the Max Factor Company (born 1877)
Ronald Fellowes, 2nd Baron Ailwyn, English peer (born 1886)
Henri Barbusse, French journalist and author (born 1873)
Namık İsmail, Turkish painter and educator (born 1890)
Wilhelm Wien, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1864)
Alexander P. Stewart, American general (born 1821)
Richard Mansfield, American actor and manager (born 1857)
Hans Auer, Swiss-Austrian architect and educator, designed the Federal Palace of Switzerland (born 1847)
Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky, Russian politician and diplomat, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Russia (born 1824)
Ferris Jacobs, Jr., American general and politician (born 1836)
John Bell Hood, American general (born 1831)
Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, English lawyer and author (born 1811)
Peshwa Narayan Rao, Prime Minister of Maratha Empire (born 1755, assassinated)
Christopher Polhem, Swedish physicist and engineer (born 1661)
Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī, co-founder of Isfahan School of Islamic Philosophy (born 1547)
Shimazu Yoshihiro, Japanese samurai and warlord (born 1535)
John Juvenal Ancina, Italian Oratorian and bishop (born 1545)
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (born 1528)
Victor, Duke of Münsterberg and Opava, Count of Glatz (born 1443)
Louis XI of France (born 1423)
Emperor Shōkō of Japan (born 1401)
Khutughtu Khan Kusala, Chinese emperor (born 1300)
Pope Alexander III (born c. 1100–1105)
Hervey le Breton, bishop of Bangor and Ely
Cui Qun, Chinese chancellor (born 772)
Theodoric the Great, Italian ruler (born 454)
Christian feast day: Alexander of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodoxy)
Christian feast day: Blessed Alfredo Ildefonso Schuster
Christian feast day: Blessed Eustáquio van Lieshout
Christian feast day: Blessed Stephen Nehmé (Maronite Church / Catholic Church)
Christian feast day: Charles Chapman Grafton (Episcopal Church)
Christian feast day: Fantinus
Christian feast day: Felix and Adauctus
Christian feast day: Fiacre
Christian feast day: Jeanne Jugan
Christian feast day: Narcisa de Jesús
Christian feast day: Pammachius
Christian feast day: Theodosius of Oria
Christian feast day: August 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Constitution Day (Kazakhstan)
Constitution Day (Turks and Caicos Islands)
Independence Day (Tatarstan, Russia not formally recognized)
International Day of the Disappeared
International Whale Shark Day
Popular Consultation Day (East Timor)
Saint Rose of Lima's Day (Peru)
Victory Day (Turkey)