J. J. Thomson, English physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1856)

Sir Joseph John "J. J." Thomson was an English physicist whose study of cathode rays led to his discovery of the electron, a subatomic particle with a negative electric charge.

The Nobel Prize in Physics is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony.