Edith Stein, Polish nun and martyr; later canonized (died 1942)

Edith Stein was a German philosopher who converted to Catholicism and became a Discalced Carmelite nun. Edith Stein was murdered in the gas chamber at the concentration camp Auschwitz II-Birkenau on 9 August 1942, and is canonized as a martyr and saint of the Catholic Church; she is also one of six patron saints of Europe.