Events That Happened on January 16

The first impeachment of Donald Trump formally moves into its trial phase in the United States Senate.

The United States Senate ratifies the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement as a replacement for NAFTA.

Myanmar police open fire on a group of ethnic Rakhine protesters, killing seven and wounding twelve.

Turkish Airlines Flight 6491 crashes into a residential area near Manas International Airport in Kyrgyzstan, killing 39 people.

Thirty-three out of 126 freed hostages are injured and 23 killed in terrorist attacks in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso on a hotel and a nearby restaurant.

The Mali War begins when Tuareg militias start fighting the Malian government for independence.

Syrian civil war: The Movement for a Democratic Society (TEV-DEM) is established with the stated goal of re-organizing Syria along the lines of democratic confederalism.

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is sworn in as Liberia's new president. She becomes Africa's first female elected head of state.

The Space Shuttle Columbia takes off for mission STS-107 which would be its final one. Columbia disintegrated 16 days later on re-entry.

War in Afghanistan: The UN Security Council unanimously establishes an arms embargo and the freezing of assets of Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda, and the remaining members of the Taliban.

Second Congo War: Congolese President Laurent-Désiré Kabila is assassinated by one of his own bodyguards in Kinshasa.

US President Bill Clinton awards former President Theodore Roosevelt a posthumous Medal of Honor for his service in the Spanish–American War.

An avalanche hits the Icelandic village Súðavík, destroying 25 homes and burying 26 people, 14 of whom died.

El Salvador officials and rebel leaders sign the Chapultepec Peace Accords in Mexico City, Mexico ending the 12-year Salvadoran Civil War that claimed at least 75,000 lives.

Coalition Forces go to war with Iraq, beginning the Gulf War.

Turkish Airlines Flight 158 crashes at Ankara Esenboğa Airport in Ankara, Turkey, killing 47 and injuring 20.

Iranian Revolution: The last Iranian Shah flees Iran with his family for good and relocates to Egypt.

Czech student Jan Palach commits suicide by self-immolation in Prague, Czechoslovakia, in protest against the Soviets' crushing of the Prague Spring the year before.

Space Race: Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5 perform the first-ever docking of crewed spacecraft in orbit, the first-ever transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another, and the only time such a transfer was accomplished with a space walk.

Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 205 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean near Astor Piazzolla International Airport in Mar del Plata, Argentina, killing 51.

World War II: Adolf Hitler moves into his underground bunker, the so-called Führerbunker.

The Holocaust: Nazi Germany begins deporting Jews from the Łódź Ghetto to Chełmno extermination camp.

Crash of TWA Flight 3, killing all 22 aboard, including film star Carole Lombard.

The Marxist Left in Slovakia and the Transcarpathian Ukraine holds its founding congress in Ľubochňa.

The League of Nations holds its first council meeting in Paris, France.

Nebraska becomes the 36th state to approve the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. With the necessary three-quarters of the states approving the amendment, Prohibition is constitutionally mandated in the United States one year later.

Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan writes his first letter to G. H. Hardy at Cambridge, stating without proof various formulae involving integrals, infinite series, and continued fractions, beginning a long correspondence between the two as well as widespread recognition of Ramanujan's results.

Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole.

The United States Senate accepts the Anglo-German treaty of 1899 in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the Samoan islands.

The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States Civil Service, is enacted by Congress.

Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.

Hartley Colliery disaster: Two hundred and four men and boys killed in a mining disaster, prompting a change in UK law which henceforth required all collieries to have at least two independent means of escape.

Westward expansion of the United States: John C. Frémont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory.

Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of La Coruña.

Virginia enacts the Statute for Religious Freedom authored by Thomas Jefferson.

American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cape St. Vincent.

Forces of the Maratha Empire are defeated by the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Narela.

King Philip V of Spain promulgates the Nueva Planta decree of the Principality of Catalonia, abolishing the Catalan institutions and its legal system, being replaced by those of the Castile, thus putting an end to Catalonia as separate state and becoming a province of the new French-style Kingdom of Spain.

The Scottish Parliament ratifies the Act of Union, paving the way for the creation of Great Britain.

The first edition of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha (Book One of Don Quixote) by Miguel de Cervantes is published in Madrid, Spain.

Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried and found guilty of treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England.

Philip II becomes King of Spain.

Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia, replacing the 264-year-old Grand Duchy of Moscow with the Tsardom of Russia.

Bigod's Rebellion, an armed insurrection attempting to resist the English Reformation, begins.

Saint Marcellus's flood kills at least 25,000 people on the shores of the North Sea.

Edward I permits his mother Eleanor of Provence to expel the Jews from the towns Worcester, Marlborough, Cambridge and Gloucester.

Crusades: The Council of Nablus is held, establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III establishes the Caliphate of Córdoba.

Gothic War: The Ostrogoths, under King Totila, conquer Rome after a long siege, by bribing the Isaurian garrison.

General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spearthrower Owl of Teotihuacán.

Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire.

Hatshepsut dies at the age of 50 and is buried in the Valley of the Kings.

Andrew Nembhard, Canadian basketball player

Boo Seung-kwan, South Korean singer

Jennie, South Korean singer

Zhou Qi, Chinese basketball player

Jonathan Allen, American football player

Mikaela Turik, Australian-Canadian cricketer

Tre'Davious White, American football player

Mikko Lehtonen, Finnish ice hockey player

Hannes Anier, Estonian footballer

Amandine Hesse, French tennis player

Sungjin, South Korean musician

Jason Zucker, American ice hockey player

Matt Duchene, Canadian ice hockey player

Dennis Kelly, American football player

Nicklas Bendtner, Danish footballer

Jorge Torres Nilo, Mexican footballer

FKA Twigs, English singer-songwriter and actress

Jake Epstein, Canadian actor

Charlotte Henshaw, English swimmer

Greivis Vásquez, Venezuelan basketball player

Johannes Rahn, German footballer

Mark Trumbo, American baseball player

Reto Ziegler, Swiss footballer

Joe Flacco, American football player

Jayde Herrick, Australian cricketer

Gintaras Januševičius, Russian-Lithuanian pianist

Sidharth Malhotra, Indian actor

Jonathan Richter, Danish-Gambian footballer

Simon Richter, Danish-Gambian footballer

Renée Felice Smith, American actress

Stephan Lichtsteiner, Swiss footballer

Miroslav Radović, Serbian footballer

Emanuel Pogatetz, Austrian footballer

Andriy Rusol, Ukrainian footballer

Preston, English singer-songwriter

Birgitte Hjort Sørensen, Danish actress

Tuncay, Turkish footballer

Jamie Lundmark, Canadian ice hockey player

Paul Rofe, Australian cricketer

Nick Valensi, American musician and songwriter

Bobby Zamora, English footballer

Lin-Manuel Miranda, American actor, playwright, and composer

Albert Pujols, Dominican-American baseball player

Seydou Keita, Malian footballer

Aaliyah, American singer and actress (died 2001)

Brenden Morrow, Canadian ice hockey player

Jason Ward, Canadian ice hockey player

Alfredo Amézaga, Mexican baseball player

Jeff Foster, American basketball player

Viktor Maslov, Russian racing driver

Martina Moravcová, Slovak swimmer

Marc Jackson, American basketball player and sportscaster

Kate Moss, English model and fashion designer

Josie Davis, American actress

Ruben Bagger, Danish footballer

Ang Christou, Australian footballer

Yuri Alekseevich Drozdov, Russian footballer and manager

Ezra Hendrickson, Vincentian footballer and manager

Joe Horn, American football player and coach

Richard T. Jones, American actor

Sergi Bruguera, Spanish tennis player and coach

Josh Evans, American film producer, screenwriter and actor

Jonathan Mangum, American actor

Don MacLean, American basketball player and sportscaster

Marinus Bester, German footballer

Stevie Jackson, Scottish guitarist and songwriter

Roy Jones Jr., American boxer

David Chokachi, American actor

Rebecca Stead, American author

Jack McDowell, American baseball player

Gail Graham, Canadian golfer

James May, English journalist and television presenter

Joel Fitzgibbon, Australian electrician and politician, 51st Australian Minister of Defence

Maxine Jones, American R&B singer–songwriter and actress

Kenneth Sivertsen, Norwegian guitarist and composer (died 2006)

Lisa Milroy, Canadian painter and educator

Sade, Nigerian-English singer-songwriter and producer

Anatoli Boukreev, Russian mountaineer and explorer (died 1997)

Lena Ek, Swedish lawyer and politician, ninth Swedish Minister for the Environment

Andris Šķēle, Latvian businessman and politician, fourth Prime Minister of Latvia

Jurijs Andrejevs, Latvian footballer and manager

Ricardo Darín, Argentinian actor, director, and screenwriter

Wayne Daniel, Barbadian cricketer

Gerald Henderson, American basketball player

Martin Jol, Dutch footballer and manager

Greedy Smith, Australian singer-songwriter and keyboardist (died 2019)

Jerry M. Linenger, American captain, physician, and astronaut

Robin Davies, Welsh actor (died 2010)

Wolfgang Schmidt, German discus thrower

Vasili Zhupikov, Russian footballer and coach (died 2015)

Robert Jay Mathews, American militant, founded The Order (died 1984)

Fuad II, King of Egypt

Piercarlo Ghinzani, Italian racing driver and manager

Debbie Allen, American actress, dancer, and choreographer

Robert Schimmel, American comedian, actor, and producer (died 2010)

Anne F. Beiler, American businesswoman, founded Auntie Anne's

R. F. Foster, Irish historian and academic

Andrew Refshauge, Australian physician and politician, 13th Deputy Premier of New South Wales

John Carpenter, American director, producer, screenwriter, and composer

Ants Laaneots, Estonian general

Ruth Reichl, American journalist and critic

Cliff Thorburn, Canadian snooker player

Elaine Murphy, Baroness Murphy, English academic and politician

Harvey Proctor, English politician

Laura Schlessinger, American physiologist, talk show host, and author

Kabir Bedi, Indian actor

Katia Ricciarelli, Italian soprano and actress

Wim Suurbier, Dutch footballer and manager (died 2020)

Dieter Moebius, Swiss-German keyboard player and producer (died 2015)

Jim Stafford, American singer-songwriter and actor

Jill Tarter, American astronomer and biologist

Judy Baar Topinka, American journalist and politician (died 2014)

Michael Attwell, English actor (died 2006)

Gavin Bryars, English bassist and composer

Brian Ferneyhough, British composer

Ronnie Milsap, American singer and pianist

René Angélil, Canadian singer and manager (died 2016)

Barbara Lynn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Claire Gordon, English actress and comedian (died 2015)

Christine Truman, English tennis player and sportscaster

Ralph Gibson, American photographer

Marina Vaizey, American journalist and critic

Luiz Bueno, Brazilian racing driver (died 2011)

Francis George, American cardinal (died 2015)

Michael White, Scottish actor and producer (died 2016)

A. J. Foyt, American race car driver

Udo Lattek, German footballer, manager, and sportscaster (died 2015)

Bob Bogle, American rock guitarist and bass player (died 2009)

Marilyn Horne, American soprano and actress

Susan Sontag, American novelist, essayist, and critic (died 2004)

Victor Ciocâltea, Romanian chess player (died 1983)

Dian Fossey, American zoologist and anthropologist (died 1985)

John Enderby, English physicist and academic (died 2021)

Robert L. Park, American physicist and academic (died 2020)

Johannes Rau, German journalist and politician, eighth Federal President of Germany (died 2006)

Mary Ann McMorrow, American lawyer and judge (died 2013)

Norman Podhoretz, American journalist and author

Paula Tilbrook, English actress (died 2019)

Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah, Sri Lankan anthropologist and academic (died 2014)

William Kennedy, American novelist and journalist

Pilar Lorengar, Spanish soprano and actress (died 1996)

Peter Hirsch, German-English metallurgist and academic

James Robinson Risner, American general and pilot (died 2013)

Katy Jurado, Mexican actress (died 2002)

Allen Swift, American actor, writer, playwright, and magician (died 2010)

Gene Feist, American director and playwright, co-founded the Roundabout Theatre Company (died 2014)

Anthony Hecht, American poet (died 2004)

Francesco Scavullo, American photographer (died 2004)

Elliott Reid, American actor and screenwriter (died 2013)

Jerome Horwitz, American chemist and academic (died 2012)

Nel Benschop, Dutch poet and educator (died 2005)

Allan Ekelund, Swedish director, producer, and production manager (died 2009)

Clem Jones, Australian surveyor and politician, eighth Lord Mayor of Brisbane (died 2007)

Stirling Silliphant, American screenwriter and producer (died 1996)

Carl Karcher, American businessman, founded Carl's Jr. (died 2008)

Philip Lucock, English-Australian minister and politician (died 1996)

Leslie H. Martinson, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2016)

Roger Wagner, French-American conductor and educator (died 1992)

Ivan Barrow, Jamaican cricketer (died 1979)

Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chilean lawyer and politician, 28th President of Chile (died 1982)

Roger Lapébie, French cyclist (died 1996)

Dizzy Dean, American baseball player and sportscaster (died 1974)

Clement Greenberg, American art critic (died 1994)

Sammy Crooks, English footballer (died 1981)

Ethel Merman, American actress and singer (died 1984)

Günther Prien, German captain (died 1941)

Alexander Knox, Canadian-English actor and screenwriter (died 1995)

Paul Nitze, American banker and politician, tenth United States Secretary of the Navy (died 2004)

Johannes Brenner, Estonian footballer and pilot (died 1975)

Diana Wynyard, English actress (died 1964)

Ernesto Halffter, Spanish composer and conductor (died 1989)

William Grover-Williams, English-French racing driver (died 1945)

Eric Liddell, Scottish runner, rugby player, and missionary (died 1945)

Fulgencio Batista, Cuban colonel and politician, ninth President of Cuba (died 1973)

Frank Zamboni, American businessman and inventor (died 1988)

Kiku Amino, Japanese author and translator (died 1978)

Edith Frank, German-Dutch mother of Anne Frank (died 1945)

Margaret Booth, American producer and editor (died 2002)

Irving Rapper, American film director and producer (died 1999)

Carlos Pellicer, Mexican poet and academic (died 1977)

Evripidis Bakirtzis, Greek soldier and politician (died 1947)

T. M. Sabaratnam, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (died 1966)

Nat Schachner, American lawyer, chemist, and author (died 1955)

Irving Mills, American publisher (died 1985)

Daisy Kennedy, Australian-English violinist (died 1981)

Homer Burton Adkins, American chemist (died 1949)

Osip Brik, Russian avant garde writer and literary critic (died 1945)

Zhou Zuoren, Chinese author and translator (died 1967)

Margaret Wilson, American author (died 1973)

Samuel Jones, American high jumper (died 1954)

Harry Carey, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1947)

Claude Buckenham, English cricketer and footballer (died 1937)

Leonor Michaelis, German biochemist and physician (died 1949)

Robert W. Service, English-Canadian poet and author (died 1958)

Henri Büsser, French organist, composer, and conductor (died 1973)

Jüri Jaakson, Estonian businessman and politician, State Elder of Estonia (died 1942)

Johnston Forbes-Robertson, English actor and manager (died 1937)

Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton, Greek-English general (died 1947)

André Michelin, French businessman, co-founded the Michelin Tyre Company (died 1931)

William Hall-Jones, English-New Zealand politician, 16th Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1936)

Ismail Kemal, Albanian politician and statesman, first prime minister of Albania (died 1919)

Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (died 1917)

Francis II of the Two Sicilies (died 1894)

Robert R. Hitt, American lawyer and politician, 13th United States Assistant Secretary of State (died 1906)

John C. Breckinridge, American general and politician, 14th Vice President of the United States (died 1875)

Henry Halleck, American lawyer, general, and scholar (died 1872)

Charles Henry Davis, American admiral (died 1877)

Richard Goodwin Keats, English admiral and politician, third Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland (died 1834)

Vittorio Alfieri, Italian poet and playwright (died 1803)

Niccolò Piccinni, Italian composer and educator (died 1800)

Peter Scheemakers, Belgian sculptor and educator (died 1781)

Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French soldier and diplomat (died 1755)

Johann Conrad Brunner, Swiss anatomist (died 1727)

Dorothe Engelbretsdatter, Norwegian author and poet (died 1716)

Guru Har Rai, Sikh Guru (died 1661)

Lucas Achtschellinck, Belgian painter and educator (died 1699)

François de Vendôme, duke of Beaufort (died 1669)

Jakobea of Baden, Margravine of Baden by birth, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg by marriage (died 1597)

Bayinnaung, king of Burma (died 1581)

Anthony Denny, confidant of Henry VIII of England (died 1559)

Johannes Schöner, German astronomer and cartographer (died 1547)

René of Anjou, king of Naples (died 1480)

Robert de Vere, duke of Ireland (died 1392)

Edmund Crouchback, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (died 1296)

Isaac Komnenos, son of Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (died 1152)

Sheng Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (died 1031)

Dame Joan Plowright, English actress (born 1929)

Bob Uecker, American professional baseball catcher and sportscaster (born 1934)

Ibrahim Boubacar Keita, Former Malian President (born 1945)

Pedro Trebbau, German-born Venezuelan zoologist (born 1929)

Chris Cramer, British journalist (born 1948)

Phil Spector, American record producer, songwriter (born 1939)

Christopher Tolkien, British academic and editor (born 1924)

John C. Bogle, American businessman, investor, and philanthropist (born 1929)

Lorna Doom, American musician (born 1958)

Chris Wilson, Australian musician (born 1956)

Ed Doolan, British radio presenter (born 1941)

Oliver Ivanović, Kosovo Serb politician (born 1953)

Eugene Cernan, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (born 1934)

Joannis Avramidis, Greek sculptor (born 1922)

Ted Marchibroda, American football player and coach (born 1931)

Miriam Akavia, Polish-Israeli author and translator (born 1927)

Yao Beina, Chinese singer (born 1981)

Gary Arlington, American author and illustrator (born 1938)

Ruth Duccini, American actress (born 1918)

Dave Madden, Canadian-American actor (born 1931)

Hiroo Onoda, Japanese lieutenant (born 1922)

Wayne D. Anderson, American baseball player and coach (born 1930)

André Cassagnes, French technician and toy maker, created the Etch A Sketch (born 1926)

Gussie Moran, American tennis player and sportscaster (born 1923)

Pauline Phillips, American journalist and radio host, created Dear Abby (born 1918)

Glen P. Robinson, American businessman, founded Scientific Atlanta (born 1923)

Joe Bygraves, Jamaican-English boxer (born 1931)

Jimmy Castor, American singer-songwriter and saxophonist (born 1940)

Sigursteinn Gíslason, Icelandic footballer and manager (born 1968)

Lorna Kesterson, American journalist and politician (born 1925)

Gustav Leonhardt, Dutch pianist, conductor, and musicologist (born 1928)

Glen Bell, American businessman, founded Taco Bell (born 1923)

Takumi Shibano, Japanese author and translator (born 1926)

Joe Erskine, American boxer and runner (born 1930)

John Mortimer, English lawyer and author (born 1923)

Andrew Wyeth, American painter (born 1917)

Stanley Biber, American soldier and physician (born 1923)

Marjorie Williams, American journalist and author (born 1958)

Kalevi Sorsa, Finnish politician 34th Prime Minister of Finland (born 1930)

Richard Wainwright, English politician (born 1918)

Robert Hanbury Brown, English astronomer and physicist (born 1916)

Auberon Waugh, English author and journalist (born 1939)

Robert R. Wilson, American physicist and academic (born 1914)

Jim McClelland, Australian lawyer, jurist, and politician, 12th Minister for Industry and Science (born 1915)

Marcia Davenport, American author and critic (born 1903)

Kaye Webb, English journalist and publisher (born 1914)

Eric Mottram, English poet and critic (born 1924)

Lady Eve Balfour, British farmer, educator, and founding figure in the organic movement (born 1898)

Andrija Artuković, Croatian politician, war criminal, and Porajmos perpetrator, first Minister of Interior of the Independent State of Croatia (born 1899)

Bertram Wainer, Australian physician and activist (born 1928)

Herbert W. Armstrong, American evangelist, author, and publisher (born 1892)

Virginia Mauret, American musician and dancer

Bernard Lee, English actor (born 1908)

A. V. Kulasingham, Sri Lankan journalist, lawyer, and politician (born 1890)

Israel Abramofsky, Russian-American painter (born 1888)

Edgar Sampson, American musician and composer (born 1907)

Teller Ammons, American soldier and politician, 28th Governor of Colorado (born 1895)

Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and actor, created Alvin and the Chipmunks (born 1919)

Philippe Thys, Belgian cyclist (born 1890)

Vernon Duke, Russian-American composer and songwriter (born 1903)

Bob Jones Sr., American evangelist, founded Bob Jones University (born 1883)

Panagiotis Poulitsas, Greek archaeologist and judge (born 1881)

Robert J. Van de Graaff, American physicist and academic (born 1901)

Frank Hurley, Australian photographer, director, producer, and cinematographer (born 1885)

Ivan Meštrović, Croatian sculptor and architect, designed the Monument to the Unknown Hero (born 1883)

Max Schöne, German swimmer (born 1880)

Phan Khôi, Vietnamese journalist and author (born 1887)

Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone, English general and politician, 16th Governor General of Canada (born 1874)

Arturo Toscanini, Italian cellist and conductor (born 1867)

Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (born 1850)

Villem Grünthal-Ridala, Estonian poet and linguist (born 1885)

Carole Lombard, American actress and comedian (born 1908)

Ernst Scheller, German lawyer and politician, Mayor of Marburg (born 1899)

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Indian author and playwright (born 1876)

Albert Fish, American serial killer, rapist and cannibal (born 1870)

Bekir Sami Kunduh, Turkish politician (born 1867)

Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, Brazilian lawyer and politician, fifth President of Brazil (born 1848)

George Dewey, American admiral (born 1837)

Marshall Field, American businessman and philanthropist, founded Marshall Field's (born 1834)

Jules Barbier, French poet and playwright (born 1825)

Arnold Böcklin, Swiss painter and academic (born 1827)

Hiram Rhodes Revels, American soldier, minister, and politician (born 1822)

Mahadev Govind Ranade, Indian scholar, social reformer, judge and author (born 1842)

Charles Pelham Villiers, English lawyer and politician (born 1802)

Léo Delibes, French pianist and composer (born 1836)

Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian composer and academic (born 1834)

Octave Crémazie, Canadian-French poet and bookseller (born 1827)

Edmond François Valentin About, French journalist and author (born 1828)

Anton Schindler, Austrian secretary and author (born 1795)

Thaddeus William Harris, American entomologist and botanist (born 1795)

Jean Nicolas Pierre Hachette, French mathematician and academic (born 1769)

Alexander J. Dallas, Jamaican-American lawyer and politician, sixth United States Secretary of the Treasury (born 1759)

John Moore, Scottish general and politician (born 1761)

Edward Gibbon, English historian and politician (born 1737)

Francis Blomefield, English historian and author (born 1705)

Ivan Trubetskoy, Russian field marshal and politician (born 1667)

Arnold Drakenborch, Dutch lawyer and scholar (born 1684)

Barthold Heinrich Brockes, German poet and playwright (born 1680)

Joseph Vaz, Indian-Sri Lankan priest and saint (born 1651)

Higashiyama, Japanese emperor (born 1675)

Charles Annibal Fabrot, French lawyer (born 1580)

Mariana de Jesús Torres, Spanish nun and mystic (born 1563)

Murad III, Ottoman sultan (born 1546)

Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln, English admiral and politician (born 1512)

Christiern Pedersen, Danish publisher and scholar (born 1480)

Johannes Schöner, German astronomer and cartographer (born 1477)

George Spalatin, German priest and reformer (born 1484)

Erasmo of Narni, Italian mercenary (born 1370)

John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, English politician, Lord Great Chamberlain (born 1352)

Muhammed V of Granada, Nasrid emir (born 1338)

Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (born 1342)

Joanna of Châtillon, duchess of Athens (born c.1285)

Nikephoros Choumnos, Byzantine monk, scholar, and politician (born 1250)

Buqa, Mongol minister

Shinran Shonin, Japanese founder of the Jodo Shinshu branch of Pure Land Buddhism (born 1173)

Polyeuctus of Constantinople, Byzantine patriarch (born 956)

Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali al-Madhara'i, Tulunid vizier (born 871)

Gao Jifu, Chinese politician and chancellor (born 596)

Christian feast day: Pope Benjamin (Coptic)

Christian feast day: Berard of Carbio

Christian feast day: Blaise (Armenian Apostolic)

Christian feast day: Fursey

Christian feast day: Joseph Vaz

Christian feast day: Honoratus of Arles

Christian feast day: Pope Marcellus I

Christian feast day: Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God (Coptic Church)

Christian feast day: Titian of Oderzo

Christian feast day: Eve of Saint Anthony observed with ritual bonfires in San Bartolomé de Pinares

Christian feast day: January 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

National Religious Freedom Day (United States)

Teacher's Day (Myanmar)

Teachers' Day (Thailand)