Events That Happened on July 19

The Knesset passes the controversial Nationality Bill, which defines the State of Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people.

Gunmen in Egypt's western desert province of New Valley Governorate attack a military checkpoint, killing at least 21 soldiers. Egypt reportedly declares a state of emergency on its border with Sudan.

Syrian civil war: The People's Protection Units (YPG) capture the city of Kobanî without resistance, starting the Rojava conflict in Northeast Syria.

Guinean President Alpha Condé survives an attempted assassination and coup d'état at his residence in Conakry.

The Troubles: The Provisional Irish Republican Army resumes a ceasefire to end their 25-year paramilitary campaign to end British rule in Northern Ireland.

A car bomb kills Judge Paolo Borsellino and five members of his escort.

United Airlines Flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa, killing 111.

The Val di Stava dam collapses killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.

The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.

In one of the first militant attacks by Hezbollah, David S. Dodge, president of the American University of Beirut, is kidnapped.

In a private meeting with U.S. President Ronald Reagan, French President François Mitterrand reveals the existence of the Farewell Dossier, a collection of documents showing the Soviet Union had been stealing American technological research and development.

Opening of the Summer Olympics in Moscow.

The Sandinista rebels overthrow the government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.

The oil tanker SS Atlantic Empress collides with another oil tanker, causing the largest ever ship-borne oil spill.

The world's first Global Positioning System (GPS) signal was transmitted from Navigation Technology Satellite 2 (NTS-2) and received at Rockwell Collins in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, at 12:41 a.m. Eastern time (ET).

Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.

Dhofar Rebellion: British SAS units help the Omani government against Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman rebels in the Battle of Mirbat.

Chappaquiddick incident: U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy crashes his car into a tidal pond at Chappaquiddick Island, Massachusetts, killing his passenger Mary Jo Kopechne.

Piedmont Airlines Flight 22, a Piedmont Airlines Boeing 727-22 and a twin-engine Cessna 310 collided over Hendersonville, North Carolina, USA. Both aircraft were destroyed and all passengers and crew were killed, including John T. McNaughton, an advisor to Robert McNamara.

Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Khánh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.

Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 meters (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.

Tunisia imposes a blockade on the French naval base at Bizerte; the French would capture the entire town four days later.

The largely autobiographical novel The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold by Evelyn Waugh was published.

Opening of the Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland.

Prime Minister of the shadow Burmese government, Bogyoke Aung San and eight others are assassinated.

Korean politician Lyuh Woon-hyung is assassinated.

World War II: Rome is heavily bombed by more than 500 Allied aircraft, inflicting thousands of casualties.

World War II: The Second Happy Time of Hitler's submarines comes to an end, as the increasingly effective American convoy system compels them to return to the central Atlantic.

World War II: Battle of Cape Spada: The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.

Field Marshal Ceremony: First occasion in World War II that Adolf Hitler appoints field marshals due to military achievements.

World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.

Spanish Civil War: The CNT and UGT call a general strike in Spain – mobilizing workers' militias against the Nationalist forces. People's Olympiad of Barcelona cancelled.

The rigid airship USS Macon surprised the USS Houston near Clipperton Island with a mail delivery for President Franklin D. Roosevelt, demonstrating its potential for tracking ships at sea.

World War I: Battle of Fromelles: British and Australian troops attack German trenches as part of the Battle of the Somme.

Maurice Garin wins the first Tour de France.

The first line of the Paris Métro opens for operation.

Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.

Taiping Rebellion: Third Battle of Nanking: The Qing dynasty finally defeats the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

American Civil War: Morgan's Raid: At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.

Women's rights: A two-day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York.

Great New York City Fire of 1845: The last great fire to affect Manhattan begins early in the morning and is subdued that afternoon. The fire kills four firefighters and 26 civilians and destroys 345 buildings.

Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull and screw propeller, becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.

The British Medical Association is founded as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association by Sir Charles Hastings at a meeting in the Board Room of the Worcester Infirmary.

Coronation of George IV of the United Kingdom.

Unsuccessful in his attempt to conquer the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi for the Russian-American Company, Georg Anton Schäffer is forced to admit defeat and leave Kauaʻi.

Great Northern War: A numerically superior Polish-Saxon army of Augustus II the Strong, operating from an advantageous defensive position, is defeated by a Swedish army half its size under the command of King Charles XII in the Battle of Klissow.

Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy sign the Nanfan Treaty, ceding a large territory north of the Ohio River to England.

Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is sighted in the English Channel.

The attempt to install Lady Jane Grey as Queen of England collapses after only nine days.

The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth; in 1982 the wreck is salvaged in one of the most complex and expensive projects in the history of maritime archaeology.

Italian War of 1542–46: The first Siege of Boulogne begins.

Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill: The English win a decisive victory over the Scots.

Arab–Byzantine wars: Battle of Apamea: Fatimids defeat a Byzantine army near Apamea.

Battle of Simancas: King Ramiro II of León defeats the Moorish army under Caliph Abd-al-Rahman III near the city of Simancas.

Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Battle of Guadalete: Umayyad forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by King Roderic.

Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital.

The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.

Tyler Downs, American Olympic diver

Kim So-hye, South Korean actress and singer

Erin Cuthbert, footballer

Karl Jacobs, American YouTuber and streamer

Ronaldo Vieira, Bissau-Guinean footballer

Paul Momirovski, Australian rugby league player

Christian Welch, Australian rugby league player

Jake Nicholson, English footballer

Eray İşcan, Turkish footballer

Patrick Corbin, American baseball player

Sam McKendry, Australian-New Zealand rugby league player

Shane Dawson, American comedian and actor

Kevin Großkreutz, German footballer

Jakub Kovář, Czech ice hockey player

Trent Williams, American football player

Yan Gomes, Brazilian-American baseball player

Jon Jones, American mixed martial artist

Marc Murphy, Australian footballer

Leandro Greco, Italian footballer

Jinder Mahal, Canadian wrestler

LaMarcus Aldridge, American basketball player

Zhou Haibin, Chinese footballer

Marina Kuzina, Russian basketball player

Hadi Norouzi, Iranian footballer (died 2015)

Andrea Libman, Canadian voice actress

Adam Morrison, American basketball player

Ryan O'Byrne, Canadian ice hockey player

Lewis Price, Welsh footballer

Helen Skelton, English television host and actress

Fedor Tyutin, Russian ice hockey player

Christopher Bear, American drummer

Phil Coke, American baseball player

Jared Padalecki, American actor

Jess Vanstrattan, Australian footballer

Nenê, Brazilian footballer

David Bernard, Jamaican cricketer

Mark Gasnier, Australian rugby player and sportscaster

Jimmy Gobble, American baseball player

Grégory Vignal, French footballer

Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player

Giorgio Mondini, Italian race car driver

Chris Sullivan, American actor

Rick Ankiel, American baseball player

Josué Anunciado de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer

Dilhara Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer

Luke Young, English footballer

Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey player

Tony Mamaluke, American wrestler and manager

Ed Smith, English cricketer and journalist

Benedict Cumberbatch, English actor

Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer and manager

Luca Castellazzi, Italian footballer

Rey Bucanero, Mexican wrestler

Francisco Copado, German footballer and manager

Josée Piché, Canadian ice dancer

Vince Spadea, American tennis player

Preston Wilson, American baseball player and sportscaster

Martin Powell, English keyboard player and songwriter

Scott Walker, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer and manager

Rene Busch, Estonian tennis player and coach

Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer and politician, Mayor of Kyiv

Michael Modest, American wrestler

Catriona Rowntree, Australian television host

Lesroy Weekes, Montserratian cricketer

Bill Chen, American poker player and software designer

Christopher Luxon, New Zealand politician, 42nd Prime Minister of New Zealand

Nicola Sturgeon, Scottish lawyer and politician, First Minister of Scotland

Matthew Libatique, American cinematographer

Robb Flynn, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Pavel Kuka, Czech footballer and manager

Jim Norton, American comedian, actor, and author

Yael Abecassis, Israeli model and actress

Jean-François Mercier, Canadian comedian, screenwriter, and television host

Evelyn Glennie, Scottish musician

Claus-Dieter Wollitz, German footballer and manager

Teresa Edwards, American basketball player

Masahiko Kondō, Japanese singer-songwriter and race car driver

Thomas Gabriel Fischer, Swiss musician

Garth Nix, Australian author

Anthony Edwards, American actor and director

Harsha Bhogle, Indian journalist and author

Maria Filatova, Russian gymnast

Lisa Lampanelli, American comedian, actress, and author

Benoît Mariage, Belgian director and screenwriter

Hideo Nakata, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter

Campbell Scott, American actor, director, and producer

Atom Egoyan, Egyptian-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter

Kevin Haskins, English drummer and songwriter

Juan J. Campanella, Argentinian director, producer, and screenwriter

Brad Drewett, Australian tennis player and sportscaster (died 2013)

Robert Gibson, American wrestler

David Robertson, American conductor

Mark Crispin, American computer scientist, designed the IMAP (died 2012)

Roger Binny, Indian cricketer and sportscaster

Dalton McGuinty, Canadian lawyer and politician, 24th Premier of Ontario

Mark O'Donnell, American playwright (died 2012)

Steve O'Donnell, American screenwriter and producer

Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist and historian

Howard Schultz, American businessman and author

Allen Collins, American guitarist and songwriter (died 1990)

Jayne Anne Phillips American novelist and short story writer

Abel Ferrara, American director, producer, and screenwriter

Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian politician, Norwegian Minister of Finance

Freddy Moore, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2022)

Adrian Noble, English director and screenwriter

Kgalema Motlanthe, South African politician, 3rd President of South Africa

Keith Godchaux, American keyboard player and songwriter (died 1980)

André Forcier, Canadian director and screenwriter

Hans-Jürgen Kreische, German footballer and manager

Bernie Leadon, American guitarist and songwriter

Brian May, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and astrophysicist

Alan Gorrie, Scottish singer-songwriter and musician

Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player and politician

Paule Baillargeon, Canadian actress, director, and screenwriter

Tim McIntire, American actor and singer (died 1986)

Andres Vooremaa, Estonian chess player (died 2022)

Han Sai Por, Singaporean sculptor and academic

Carla Mazzuca Poggiolini, Italian journalist and politician

Vikki Carr, American singer and actress

Neelie Kroes, Dutch politician and diplomat, European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society

Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist and astronomer (died 2025)

Tom Raworth, English poet and academic (died 2017)

George Hamilton IV, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2014)

Richard Jordan, American actor (died 1993)

David Colquhoun, English pharmacologist and academic

Nick Koback, American baseball player and golfer (died 2015)

Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 111th Prime Minister of Portugal (died 1980)

Buster Benton, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1996)

Jan Lindblad, Swedish biologist and photographer (died 1987)

Gaston Glock, Austrian engineer and businessman, co-founded Glock Ges.m.b.H. (died 2023)

Orville Turnquest, Bahamian politician

Samuel John Hazo, American author

Choi Yun-chil, South Korean long-distance runner and a two-time national champion in the marathon (died 2020)

Helen Gallagher, American actress, singer, and dancer (died 2024)

Sue Thompson, American singer (died 2021)

Stanley K. Hathaway, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 40th United States Secretary of the Interior (died 2005)

Pat Hingle, American actor and producer (died 2009)

Arthur Rankin Jr., American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2014)

Theo Barker, English historian (died 2001)

Alex Hannum, American basketball player and coach (died 2002)

Joseph Hansen, American author and poet (died 2004)

William A. Rusher, American lawyer and journalist (died 2011)

Lon Simmons, American baseball player and sportscaster (died 2015)

George McGovern, American lieutenant, historian, and politician (died 2012)

Rachel Robinson, American professor, registered nurse, and the widow of baseball player Jackie Robinson

Harold Camping, American evangelist, author, radio host (died 2013)

André Moynet, French soldier, race car driver, and politician (died 1993)

Elizabeth Spencer, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (died 2019)

Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2011)

Robert Mann, American violinist, composer, and conductor (died 2018)

Richard Oriani, Salvadoran-American metallurgist and engineer (died 2015)

Patricia Medina, English-American actress (died 2012)

Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet and author (died 2005)

Ron Searle, English-Canadian soldier, publisher, and politician, 4th Mayor of Mississauga (died 2015)

William Scranton, American captain and politician, 13th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (died 2013)

Phil Cavarretta, American baseball player and manager (died 2010)

Åke Hellman, Finnish painter (died 2017)

Marius Russo, American baseball player (died 2005)

Kay Linaker, American actress and screenwriter (died 2008)

Peter Leo Gerety, American prelate (died 2016)

Balamani Amma, Indian poet and author (died 2004)

Daniel Fry, American contactee (died 1992)

Hans Trippel, German engineer, developed Amphicar (died 2001)

Isabel Jewell, American actress (died 1972)

Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, American lawyer and farmer (died 1985)

Samudrala Sr., Indian singer, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1968)

Balai Chand Mukhopadhyay, Indian physician, author, poet, and playwright (died 1979)

Herbert Marcuse, German-American sociologist and philosopher (died 1979)

Reginald Baker, English film producer (died 1985)

A. J. Cronin, Scottish physician and novelist (died 1981)

Bob Meusel, American baseball player and sailor (died 1977)

Xu Beihong, Chinese painter and academic (died 1953)

Aleksandr Khinchin, Russian mathematician and academic (died 1959)

Khawaja Nazimuddin, Bangladeshi-Pakistani politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (died 1965)

Percy Spencer, American physicist and inventor of the microwave oven (died 1969)

Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian actor, playwright, and poet (died 1930)

Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 1957)

George II of Greece (died 1947)

Enno Lolling, German physician (died 1945)

Michael Fekete, Hungarian-Israeli mathematician and academic (died 1957)

Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, British-born German nobleman and Nazi politician (died 1954)

Max Fleischer, Austrian-American animator and producer (died 1972)

Friedrich Dessauer, German physicist and philosopher (died 1963)

Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (died 1949)

Joseph Fielding Smith, American religious leader, 10th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (died 1972)

Alice Dunbar Nelson, American poet and activist (died 1935)

Xenophon Stratigos, Greek general and politician, Greek Minister of Transport (died 1927)

Florence Foster Jenkins, American soprano and educator (died 1944)

Georges Friedel, French mineralogist and crystallographer (died 1933)

Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon, co-founder of the Mayo Clinic (died 1939)

Fiammetta Wilson, English astronomer (died 1920)

Lizzie Borden, American woman, tried and acquitted for the murders of her father and step-mother in 1892 (died 1927)

Ferdinand Brunetière, French scholar and critic (died 1906)

Edward Charles Pickering, American astronomer and physicist (died 1919)

Frederic T. Greenhalge, English-American lawyer and politician, 38th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1896)

Justo Rufino Barrios, Guatemalan president (died 1885)

Edgar Degas, French painter, sculptor, and illustrator (died 1917)

Mangal Pandey, Indian soldier (died 1857)

Princess Augusta of Cambridge (died 1916)

Gottfried Keller, Swiss author, poet, and playwright (died 1890)

Samuel Colt, American businessman, founded the Colt's Manufacturing Company (died 1862)

Juan José Flores, Venezuelan general and politician, 1st President of Ecuador (died 1864)

José Justo Corro, Mexican politician and president (died 1864)

John Martin, English painter, engraver, and illustrator (died 1854)

Thomas Talbot, Irish-Canadian colonel and politician (died 1853)

Marianna Auenbrugger, Austrian pianist and composer (died 1782)

Seraphim of Sarov, Russian monk and saint (died 1833)

Heinrich Christian Boie, German author and poet (died 1806)

Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary and painter (died 1766)

Richard Leveridge, English singer-songwriter (died 1758)

Conrad Vorstius, Dutch theologian (died 1622)

William VIII, Marquis of Montferrat (died 1483)

Baibars, sultan of Egypt (died 1277)

Muhammad al-Bukhari, Persian scholar (died 870)

Toumani Diabaté, Malian musician (born 1965)

Iryna Farion, Ukrainian linguist and politician (born 1964)

Kevan Gosper, Australian athlete and administrator (born 1933)

Sheila Jackson Lee, American lawyer and politician (born 1950)

Nguyễn Phú Trọng, Vietnamese politician, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (born 1944)

Ray Reardon, Welsh snooker player and police officer (born 1932)

James C. Scott, American political scientist and anthropologist (born 1936)

Esta TerBlanche, South African actress (born 1973)

Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor, director, and producer (born 1944)

Jon Schnepp, American producer, director, voice actor, editor, writer, cartoonist, animator, and cinematographer (born 1967)

Denis Ten, Kazakhstani figure skater (born 1993)

Garry Marshall, American actor, director, and producer (born 1934)

Van Alexander, American composer and conductor (born 1915)

Galina Prozumenshchikova, Ukrainian-Russian swimmer and journalist (born 1948)

Carmino Ravosa, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (born 1930)

Gennadiy Seleznyov, Russian journalist and politician, 2nd Speaker of the Duma (born 1947)

Rubem Alves, Brazilian theologian (born 1933)

Skye McCole Bartusiak, American child actress and child model (born 1992)

David Easton, Canadian-American political scientist and academic (born 1917)

Paul M. Fleiss, American pediatrician and author (born 1933)

James Garner, American actor (born 1928)

Jerzy Jurka, Polish biologist (born 1950)

Ray King, English footballer and manager (born 1924)

Ingemar Odlander, Swedish journalist (born 1936)

Harry Pougher, English cricketer (born 1941)

Leen Vleggeert, Dutch politician (born 1931)

John Winkin, American baseball player, coach, and journalist (born 1919)

Mikhail Gorsheniov, Russian singer-songwriter (born 1973)

Geeto Mongol, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (born 1931)

Mel Smith, English actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1952)

Bert Trautmann, German footballer and manager (born 1923)

Phil Woosnam, Welsh-American soccer player and manager (born 1932)

Peter Ziegler, Swiss geologist and academic (born 1928)

Leyla Erbil, Turkish author (born 1931)

Humayun Ahmed, Bangladeshi director and playwright (born 1948)

Tom Davis, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (born 1952)

Mohammad Hassan Ganji, Iranian meteorologist and academic (born 1912)

Omar Suleiman, Egyptian general and politician, 16th Vice President of Egypt (born 1935)

Sylvia Woods, American businesswoman, co-founded Sylvia's Restaurant of Harlem (born 1926)

Valiulla Yakupov, Islamic cleric (born 1963)

Cécile Aubry, French actress, author, television screenwriter and director (born 1928)

Jon Cleary, Australian author and playwright (born 1917)

Frank McCourt, American author and educator (born 1930)

Henry Surtees, English race car driver (born 1991)

Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedian and actress (born 1907)

A. K. Faezul Huq, Bangladeshi journalist, lawyer, and politician (born 1945)

Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentinian cartoonist (born 1944)

Jack Warden, American actor (born 1920)

Edward Bunker, American author and screenwriter (born 1933)

Sylvia Daoust, Canadian sculptor (born 1902)

J. Gordon Edwards, American entomologist, mountaineer, and DDT advocate (born 1919)

Francis A. Marzen, American priest and journalist (born 1924)

Zenkō Suzuki, Japanese politician, 70th Prime Minister of Japan (born 1911)

Bill Bright, American evangelist and author, founded the Campus Crusade for Christ (born 1921)

Pierre Graber, Swiss politician, President of the Swiss National Council (born 1908)

Dave Carter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1952)

Alan Lomax, American historian, scholar, and activist (born 1915)

Elmer Valo, Polish-American baseball player, coach, and manager (born 1921)

Victor Barbeau, Canadian author and academic (born 1896)

Paolo Borsellino, Italian lawyer and judge (born 1940)

Eddie Quillan, American actor (born 1907)

Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish businessman and politician, President of the Republic of Poland (born 1913)

Janusz Zajdel, Polish author (born 1938)

Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (born 1896)

Aziz Sami, Iraqi writer and translator (born 1895)

Hugh Everett III, American physicist and mathematician (born 1930)

Roger Doucet, Canadian tenor (born 1919)

Margaret Craven, American journalist and author (born 1901)

Nihat Erim, Turkish jurist and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Turkey (born 1912)

Hans Morgenthau, German-American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (born 1904)

Karl Ristikivi, Estonian geographer, author, and poet (born 1912)

Lefty Frizzell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1928)

John Alan Coey, American mercenary and medic in the Rhodesian Bush War

Ernő Schwarz, Hungarian-American soccer player and coach (born 1904)

Stratis Myrivilis, Greek soldier and author (born 1890)

John T. McNaughton, United States Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs and an advisor to Robert McNamara (born 1921)

Odell Shepard, American poet and politician, 66th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut (born 1884)

Syngman Rhee, South Korean journalist and politician, 1st President of South Korea (born 1875)

William Andrew, English priest (born 1884)

U Razak, Burmese educator and politician (born 1898)

Aung San, Burmese general and politician (born 1915)

Lyuh Woon-hyung, South Korean politician (born 1886)

Yekaterina Budanova, Russian captain and pilot (born 1916)

Carlo Zangarini, Italian poet and opera librettist (born 1873)

Špiro Bocarić, Serbian painter, victim of Genocide of Serbs

Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet and author (born 1850)

Kaarle Krohn, Finnish historian and academic (born 1863)

Robert Stout, Scottish-New Zealand politician, 13th Prime Minister of New Zealand (born 1844)

John Indermaur, British lawyer (born 1851)

Clímaco Calderón, Colombian lawyer and politician, 15th President of Colombia (born 1852)

Abraham H. Cannon, American publisher and religious leader (born 1859)

John William Bean, English criminal and failed regicide (born 1824)

Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician and academic (born 1847)

Stefano Franscini, Swiss statistician and politician (born 1796)

Konstantin Batyushkov, Russian poet and translator (born 1787)

Margaret Fuller, American journalist and critic (born 1810)

Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist and chemist (born 1785)

Agustín de Iturbide, Mexican general and emperor (born 1783)

Matthew Flinders, English navigator and cartographer (born 1774)

Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prussian queen (born 1776)

William Somervile, English poet and author (born 1675)

Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher and academic (born 1550)

Mary Boleyn, English daughter of Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire (born 1499)

Philippa of Lancaster, Portuguese queen (born 1360)

Petrarch, Italian poet and scholar (born 1304)

John Campbell, Scottish nobleman

Alexander Bruce, Scottish nobleman

Sir Archibald Douglas, Scottish nobleman

Maol Choluim II, Scottish nobleman

Kenneth de Moravia, 4th Earl of Sutherland

Jacopo Tiepolo, doge of Venice

Floris IV, Dutch nobleman (born 1210)

Adalberon, French bishop

Damian Dalassenos, Byzantine general (born 940)

Kyunyeo, Korean monk and poet (born 917)

Li Shigu, Chinese general (born 778)

Symmachus, pope of the Catholic Church

Palace Day

Christian feast day: Bernold, Bishop of Utrecht

Christian feast day: Justa and Rufina

Christian feast day: Kirdjun (or Abakerazum)

Christian feast day: Macrina the Younger, Sister of St. Basil the Great

Christian feast day: Symmachus

Christian feast day: July 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Martyrs' Day (Myanmar)

Sandinista Day or Liberation Day (Nicaragua)