Events That Happened on March 23

Israel Defense Forces kill 15 aid workers in the Rafah paramedic massacre.

A container ship runs aground and obstructs the Suez Canal for six days.

Prime Minister Boris Johnson put the United Kingdom into its first national lockdown in response to COVID-19.

The Kazakh capital of Astana was renamed to Nur-Sultan.

The US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces capture the town of Baghuz in Eastern Syria, declaring military victory over the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant after four years of fighting, although the group maintains a scattered presence and sleeper cells across Syria and Iraq.

President of Peru Pedro Pablo Kuczynski resigns from the presidency amid a mass corruption scandal before certain impeachment by the opposition-majority Congress of Peru.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports cases of Ebola in the forested rural region of southeastern Guinea, marking the beginning of the largest Ebola outbreak in history.

The Affordable Care Act becomes law in the United States.

FedEx Express Flight 80: A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 flying from Guangzhou, China crashes at Tokyo's Narita International Airport, killing both the captain and the co-pilot.

Official opening of Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad, India

Battle of Nasiriyah, first major conflict during the invasion of Iraq.

The Russian Mir space station is disposed of, breaking up in the atmosphere before falling into the southern Pacific Ocean near Fiji.

Gunmen assassinate Paraguay's Vice President Luis María Argaña.

Taiwan holds its first direct elections and chooses Lee Teng-hui as President.

At an election rally in Tijuana, Mexican presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio is assassinated by Mario Aburto Martínez.

A United States Air Force (USAF) F-16 aircraft collides with a USAF C-130 at Pope Air Force Base and then crashes, killing 24 United States Army soldiers on the ground alongside destroying a Starlifter by accident. This later became known as the Green Ramp disaster.

Aeroflot Flight 593 crashed into the Kuznetsk Alatau mountain, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, killing 75.

The Revolutionary United Front, with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia, invades Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow Joseph Saidu Momoh, sparking the 11-year Sierra Leone Civil War.

Angolan and Cuban forces defeat South Africa in the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale.

Strategic Defense Initiative: President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles.

Guatemala's government, headed by Fernando Romeo Lucas García is overthrown in a military coup by right-wing General Efraín Ríos Montt.

Archbishop Óscar Romero of El Salvador gives his famous speech appealing to men of the El Salvadoran armed forces to stop killing the Salvadorans.

The first UNIFIL troops arrived in Lebanon for peacekeeping mission along the Blue Line.

The first of The Nixon Interviews (12 will be recorded over four weeks) is videotaped with British journalist David Frost interviewing former United States President Richard Nixon about the Watergate scandal and the Nixon tapes.

NASA launches Gemini 3, the United States' first two-man space flight (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young).

Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic in the world. This date is now celebrated as Republic Day in Pakistan.

The Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Pakistan or Qarardad-e-Lahore) is put forward at the Annual General Convention of the All-India Muslim League.

The Hungarian air force attacks the headquarters of the Slovak air force in Spišská Nová Ves, killing 13 people and beginning the Slovak–Hungarian War.

Signing of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.

The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act of 1933, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany.

Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar are hanged for the killing of a deputy superintendent of police during the Indian independence movement.

In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.

First World War: On the third day of the German Spring Offensive, the 10th Battalion of the Royal West Kent Regiment is annihilated with many of the men becoming prisoners of war

A tornado outbreak kills more than 240 people in the central United States, while an ongoing flood in the Ohio River watershed was killing 650 people.

Theodore Roosevelt leaves New York for a post-presidency safari in Africa. The trip is sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.

Eleftherios Venizelos calls for Crete's union with Greece, and begins what is to be known as the Theriso revolt.

Emilio Aguinaldo, only President of the First Philippine Republic, is captured at Palanan, Isabela by the forces of American General Frederick Funston.

The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is established by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, British India.

In England, The Football League, the world's oldest professional association football league, meets for the first time.

Sino-French War: Chinese victory in the Battle of Phu Lam Tao near Hưng Hóa, northern Vietnam.

War of the Pacific: The Battle of Topáter, the first battle of the war is fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia and Peru.

The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.

American Civil War: The First Battle of Kernstown, Virginia, marks the start of Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign. Although a Confederate defeat, the engagement distracts Federal efforts to capture Richmond.

Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City.

The ship John Wickliffe arrives at Port Chalmers carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province is founded.

A massive earthquake destroys the former capital Inwa of the Konbaung dynasty, present-day Myanmar.

Greek War of Independence: Battle and fall of city of Kalamata.

After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocean, explorers Lewis and Clark and their Corps of Discovery begin their arduous journey home.

Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death inside his bedroom at St. Michael's Castle.

American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his speech – "Give me liberty or give me death!" – at St. John's Episcopal Church, Richmond, Virginia.

The Peace of Longjumeau is signed, ending the second phase of the French Wars of Religion.

Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last religious community to be closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official.

Ben Manenti, Australian cricketer

Alexander Albon, Thai-British race car driver

Joel Kiviranta, Finnish ice hockey player

Kevin Kauber, Estonian footballer

Jan Lisiecki, Canadian pianist

Victoria Pedretti, American actress

Ozan Tufan, Turkish footballer

Nick Powell, English footballer

Oskar Sundqvist, Swedish ice hockey player

Bridger Zadina, American actor

Eddy Chen, member of violin duo TwoSet Violin

Quinn Cook, American basketball player

Tomáš Hyka, Czech ice hockey player

Dmitrij Jaškin, Russian-Czech ice hockey player

Aytaç Kara, Turkish footballer

Tolga Ciğerci, German-Turkish footballer

Kyrie Irving, Australian-American basketball player

Vanessa Morgan, Canadian actress

Facundo Campazzo, Argentine basketball player

Erik Haula, Finnish ice hockey player

Gregg Wylde, Scottish footballer

Jaime Alguersuari, Spanish race car driver

Mark Barberio, Canadian ice hockey player

Princess Eugenie, English royal

Gordon Hayward, American basketball player

Robert Zickert, German footballer

Ayesha Curry, Canadian-American chef, author and television personality

Nikola Gulan, Serbian footballer

Luis Fernando Silva, Mexican footballer

Dellin Betances, American baseball player

Jason Kenny, English cyclist

Michal Neuvirth, Czech ice hockey player

Alan Toovey, Australian footballer

Patrick Bordeleau, Canadian ice hockey player

Andrea Dovizioso, Italian motorcycle racer

Brett Eldredge, American singer-songwriter and musician

Kangana Ranaut, Indian actress

Maurice Jones-Drew, American football player

Bethanie Mattek-Sands, American tennis player

Ryan Araña, Filipino basketball player

Brandon Marshall, American football player

Hakan Balta, Turkish footballer

Mo Farah, Somali-English runner

Sascha Riether, German footballer

Jerome Thomas, English footballer

José Contreras Arrau, Chilean footballer

Andrea Musacco, Italian footballer

Evgeni Striganov, Estonian ice dancer

Pavel Brendl, Czech ice hockey player

Erin Crocker, American race car driver

Tony Peña Jr., Dominican baseball player

Shelley Rudman, English bobsledder

Giuseppe Sculli, Italian footballer

Brett Young, American singer-songwriter

Mark Buehrle, American baseball player

Donncha O'Callaghan, Irish rugby player

Simon Gärdenfors, Swedish illustrator

Perez Hilton, American blogger

Walter Samuel, Argentine footballer

Nicholle Tom, American actress

Liu Ye, Chinese actor

Miklos Perlus, Canadian actor and screenwriter

Chris Hoy, Scottish cyclist

Smriti Irani, Indian actress, producer and politician, Indian Minister of Human Resource Development

Dougie Lampkin, English motorcycle racer

Michelle Monaghan, American actress

Joel Peralta, Dominican baseball player

Keri Russell, American actress

Benny Sa, Chinese television host

Ricardo Zonta, Brazilian race car driver

Burak Gürpınar, Turkish drummer

Andy Turner, English footballer and manager

Mark Hunt, New Zealand mixed martial artist

Randall Park, American actor, director and screenwriter

Jerzy Dudek, Polish footballer

Wim Eyckmans, Belgian race car driver

Jason Kidd, American basketball player and coach

Bojana Radulović, Serbian-Hungarian handball player

Jonas Björkman, Swedish-Monégasque tennis player and coach

Joe Calzaghe, Welsh boxer

Judith Godrèche, French actress and author

Yasmeen Ghauri, Canadian model

Gail Porter, Scottish model and television host

Alexander Selivanov, Russian ice hockey player

Hiroyoshi Tenzan, Japanese wrestler

Damon Albarn, English singer-songwriter, producer and actor

Mike Atherton, English cricketer and journalist

Fernando Hierro, Spanish footballer and manager

Pierre Palmade, French actor and screenwriter

Lorenzo Daniel, American sprinter

Marin Hinkle, American actress

Vasilis Vouzas, Greek footballer and manager

Richard Grieco, American actor, artist, and model

Gary Whitehead, American poet and painter

Hope Davis, American actress

Juan Ramón López Caro, Spanish footballer and manager

Míchel, Spanish footballer and manager

Ana Fidelia Quirot, Cuban runner

Steve Redgrave, English rower

Roger Crisp, English philosopher and academic

Craig Green, New Zealand rugby player

Helmi Johannes, Indonesian journalist and producer

Haris Romas, Greek actor, screenwriter, and lyricist

Nicol Stephen, Baron Stephen, Scottish lawyer and politician, 2nd Deputy First Minister of Scotland

Catherine Keener, American actress

Etienne De Wilde, Belgian cyclist

Hugh Grant, Scottish business executive

Bengt-Åke Gustafsson, Swedish ice hockey player and coach

Lucio Gutiérrez, Ecuadorian politician, 52nd President of Ecuador

Robbie James, Welsh footballer and manager (died 1998)

Amanda Plummer, American actress

José Manuel Barroso, Portuguese academic and politician, 115th Prime Minister of Portugal

Moses Malone, American basketball player (died 2015)

Geno Auriemma, Italian-American basketball player and coach

Kenneth Cole, American fashion designer, founded Kenneth Cole Productions

Mary Fee, Scottish Labour Party politician

Paul Price, English-Welsh footballer and manager

Bo Díaz, Venezuelan baseball player (died 1990)

Chaka Khan, American singer-songwriter

Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Indian zoologist and businesswoman

Francesco Clemente, Italian painter and illustrator

Kim Stanley Robinson, American author

Rex Tillerson, American businessman, engineer and diplomat; 69th United States Secretary of State

Ron Jaworski, American football player and sportscaster

Adrian Reynard, English businessman, founded Reynard Motorsport

Corinne Cléry, French actress

Phil Lanzon, English keyboard player and songwriter

Ahdaf Soueif, Egyptian author and translator

Wasim Bari, Pakistani cricketer

Marie Malavoy, German-Canadian educator and politician

Elizabeth Ann Scarborough, American author

Alan Bleasdale, English screenwriter and producer

Franco Battiato, Italian singer-songwriter and director (died 2021)

David Grisman, American mandolin player and composer

Tony McPhee, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2023)

Michael Nyman, English composer of minimalist music and pianist

Ric Ocasek, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (died 2019)

Andrew Crockett, Scottish-English economist and banker (died 2012)

Nils-Aslak Valkeapää, Finnish singer, author and director (died 2001)

Michael Haneke, Austrian director, producer and screenwriter

Jimmy Miller, American record producer and musician (died 1994)

Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian, scholar and activist (died 1980)

Jon Finlayson, Australian actor and screenwriter (died 2012)

Craig Breedlove, American race car driver (died 2023)

Tony Burton, American actor, comedian, boxer and football player (died 2016)

Robert Gallo, American physician and academic

Jannis Kounellis, Greek painter and sculptor (died 2017)

Barry Cryer, English comedian, actor and screenwriter (died 2022)

Alan Baddeley, English psychologist

Ludvig Faddeev, Russian mathematician and physicist (died 2017)

Norman Bailey, English opera singer and educator (died 2021)

Philip Zimbardo, American psychologist and academic (died 2024)

Don Marshall, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2024)

Yevgeny Grishin, Russian speed skater (died 2005)

Viktor Korchnoi, Russian chess player and author (died 2016)

Yevdokiya Mekshilo, Russian skier (died 2013)

Roger Bannister, English middle-distance runner, neurologist and academic (died 2018)

Michael Manser, English architect and engineer (died 2016)

Mark Rydell, American actor, director and producer

Lee Sexton, American banjo player (died 2021)

David Watkin, English cinematographer (died 2008)

Rodney Mims Cook, Sr., American lieutenant and politician (died 2013)

Olga Kennard, English crystallographer and academic (died 2023)

John Madin, English architect (died 2012)

Bette Nesmith Graham, American inventor of Liquid Paper (died 1980)

Angelo Ingrassia, American soldier and judge (died 2013)

Marty Allen, American comedian and actor (died 2018)

Ugo Tognazzi, Italian actor (died 1990)

Donald Campbell, English race car driver (died 1967)

Peter Lawler, Australian public servant (died 2017)

Tetsuharu Kawakami, Japanese baseball player and manager (died 2013)

Neal Edward Smith, American pilot, lawyer and politician (died 2021)

Carl Graffunder, American architect and educator (died 2013)

Subhadra Joshi, Indian freedom activist and politician (died 2003)

Stanley Armour Dunham, American sergeant (died 1992)

Helene Hale, American politician (died 2013)

Naoki Kazu, Japanese football player (died 1940s)

Harry Cranbrook Allen, English historian (died 1998)

Mary Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe (died 2014)

Vasily Zaytsev, Russian captain (died 1991)

Milbourne Christopher, American magician and author (died 1984)

Abidin Dino, Turko-French painter and illustrator (died 1993)

Eleanor Cameron, Canadian-American children's author and critic (died 1996)

Neil McCorkell, English-South African cricketer and coach (died 2013)

Wernher von Braun, German-American physicist and engineer (died 1977)

Jerry Cornes, English runner, colonial officer and educator (died 2001)

Akira Kurosawa, Japanese director, producer and screenwriter (died 1998)

Charles Werner, American cartoonist (died 1997)

Daniel Bovet, Swiss-Italian pharmacologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1992)

Lale Andersen, German chanson singer-songwriter (died 1972)

Frank Sargeson, New Zealand writer (died 1982)

Bhakti Hridaya Bon, Indian guru and religious writer (died 1982)

Erich Fromm, German psychologist and sociologist (died 1980)

Dora Gerson, German actress and singer (died 1943)

Louis Adamic, Slovenian-American author, translator and politician (died 1951)

Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset, Duchess of Parma (died 1984)

Encarnacion Alzona, Filipino historian and educator (died 2001)

Dane Rudhyar, French-American astrologer, author and composer (died 1985)

Arthur Grimsdell, English international footballer and cricketer (died 1963)

Cedric Gibbons, Irish-American art director and production designer (died 1960)

Gopalswamy Doraiswamy Naidu, Indian engineer and businessman (died 1974)

Po Kya, Burmese author and educationist (died 1942)

Josef Čapek, Czech painter and poet (died 1945)

Rudolf Kinau, German author (died 1975)

Juan Gris, Spanish painter and sculptor (died 1927)

Sidney Hillman, Lithuanian-born American labor leader (died 1946)

Frank Irons, American long jumper (died 1942)

Platt Adams, American jumper and politician (died 1961)

Roque González Garza, Mexican general and acting president (1915) (died 1962)

Joseph Boxhall, English sailor (died 1967)

Emmy Noether, Jewish German-American mathematician, physicist and academic (died 1935)

Lacey Hearn, American sprinter (died 1969)

Roger Martin du Gard, French novelist and paleographer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1958)

Hermann Staudinger, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1965)

Heikki Ritavuori, Finnish lawyer and politician, Finnish Minister of the Interior (died 1922)

Franz Schreker, Austrian composer and conductor (died 1934)

Ziya Gökalp, Turkish sociologist, poet and activist (died 1924)

Thakin Kodaw Hmaing, Burmese poet, writer and political leader (died 1964)

Grantley Goulding, English hurdler (died 1947)

J. C. Leyendecker, German-American painter and illustrator (died 1951)

Michael Joseph Savage, Australian-New Zealand union leader and politician, 23rd Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1940)

Calouste Gulbenkian, Turkish-Armenian businessman and philanthropist (died 1955)

Dietrich Eckart, German journalist and politician (died 1923)

Nathaniel Reed, American criminal (died 1950)

Horatio Bottomley, British politician and businessman (died 1933)

Ludwig Quidde, German activist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1941)

Friedrich Amelung, Estonian-German historian, businessman and composer (died 1909)

Susan Jane Cunningham, American mathematician (died 1921)

Marie Adam-Doerrer, Swiss women's rights activist and unionist (died 1908)

Julius Reubke, German pianist and composer (died 1858)

Ludwig Minkus, Austrian violinist and composer (died 1917)

Schuyler Colfax, American journalist and politician, 17th Vice President of the United States (died 1885)

Augustin Daniel Belliard, French general and diplomat (died 1832)

William Smith, English geologist and cartographer (died 1839)

Jurij Vega, Slovene mathematician, physicist and artillery officer (died 1802)

Johannes Matthias Sperger, Austrian bassist and composer (died 1812)

Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician and astronomer (died 1827)

Princess Marie Adélaïde of France (died 1800)

Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado, Spanish Dominican lay sister and mystic (died 1731)

Jahanara Begum, Mughal princess (died 1681)

Thomas Selle, German composer (died 1663)

Lorenzino de' Medici, Italian writer and assassin (died 1548)

Margaret of Anjou (died 1482)

Emperor Go-Kōgon of Japan (died 1374)

Mia Love, American politician (born 1975)

Madeleine Albright, Czechoslovakian-American diplomat, 64th United States Secretary of State (born 1937)

George Segal, American actor (born 1934)

Julie Pomagalski, French snowboarder (born 1980)

Miroslava Breach, Mexican investigative journalist (born 1962)

Joe Garagiola, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1926)

Ken Howard, American actor (born 1944)

Gian Vittorio Baldi, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1930)

Lee Kuan Yew, Singaporean lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Singapore (born 1923)

Bobby Lowther, American basketball player and lieutenant (born 1923)

Lil' Chris, English singer-songwriter, actor, and television personality (born 1990)

Dave Brockie, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and bass player (born 1963)

Jaroslav Šerých, Czech painter and illustrator (born 1928)

Adolfo Suárez, Spanish lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Spain (born 1932)

Boris Berezovsky, Russian-born Soviet-British mathematician and businessman (born 1946)

Onofre Corpuz, Filipino economist, historian, and academic (born 1926)

Virgil Trucks, American baseball player and coach (born 1917)

Joe Weider, Canadian-American bodybuilder and publisher, co-founded the International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness (born 1919)

Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, Somalian politician, President of Somalia (born 1934)

Jim Duffy, American animator, director, and producer (born 1937)

Naji Talib, Iraqi politician, 52nd Prime Minister of Iraq (born 1917)

Lonnie Wright, American basketball and football player (born 1945)

Jean Bartik, American computer scientist and engineer (born 1924)

Rosario Morales, Puerto Rican poet and writer (born 1930)

Elizabeth Taylor, American-British actress, socialite and humanitarian (born 1932)

Ghukas Chubaryan, Armenian sculptor (born 1923)

Raúl Macías, Mexican boxer and trainer (born 1934)

Vaino Vahing, Estonian psychiatrist, author, and playwright (born 1940)

Paul Cohen, American mathematician and theorist (born 1934)

Eric Medlen, American race car driver (born 1973)

David B. Bleak, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1932)

Desmond Doss, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1919)

Cindy Walker, American singer-songwriter and dancer (born 1918)

Rupert Hamer, Australian soldier, lawyer, and politician, 39th Premier of Victoria (born 1916)

Fritz Spiegl, Austrian-English flute player and journalist (born 1926)

Eileen Farrell, American soprano (born 1920)

Ben Hollioake, Australian-English cricketer (born 1977)

Rowland Evans, American journalist (born 1921)

Margaret Jones, British archaeologist (born 1916)

Robert Laxalt, American author (born 1923)

David McTaggart, Canadian badminton player and environmentalist (born 1932)

Luis María Argaña, Paraguayan judge and politician, Vice President of Paraguay (born 1932)

Osmond Borradaile, Canadian director and cinematographer (born 1898)

Davie Cooper, Scottish footballer and coach (born 1956)

Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexican economist and politician (born 1950)

Giulietta Masina, Italian actress (born 1921)

Friedrich Hayek, Austrian-German economist, philosopher, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1899)

Ron Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1949)

Margaret Atwood Judson, American historian and author (born 1899)

Parkash Singh, Indian soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (born 1913)

John Dexter, English director and producer (born 1925)

Olev Roomet, Estonian singer and violinist (born 1901)

Moshe Feinstein, American Orthodox Rabbi and posek (born 1895)

Richard Beeching, Baron Beeching, English physicist and engineer (born 1913)

Peter Charanis, Greek-American scholar and educator (born 1908)

Beatrice Tinsley, English-New Zealand astronomer and cosmologist (born 1941)

Mike Hailwood, English motorcyclist (born 1940)

Arthur Melvin Okun, American economist and academic (born 1928)

Ted Anderson, English footballer (born 1911)

Haim Ernst Wertheimer, Israeli biochemist and academic (born 1893)

Halyna Kuzmenko, Ukrainian teacher and anarchist revolutionary (born 1897)

Cristóbal Balenciaga, Spanish fashion designer, founded Balenciaga (born 1895)

Edwin O'Connor, American journalist and author (born 1918)

Lalla Carlsen, Norwegian singer and actress (born 1889)

Mae Murray, American actress, dancer, producer, and screenwriter (born 1885)

Peter Lorre, American actor (born 1904)

Thoralf Skolem, Norwegian mathematician and logician (born 1887)

Albert Bloch, American painter and educator (born 1882)

Jack Russell, English cricketer (born 1887)

Franklin Pierce Adams, American journalist and author (born 1881)

Said Nursî, Turkish theologian and scholar (born 1878)

Artur Bernardes, Brazilian politician, 12th President of Brazil (born 1875)

Raoul Dufy, French painter and illustrator (born 1877)

Oskar Luts, Estonian author and playwright (born 1887)

Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (born 1875)

Shivaram Rajguru, Indian activist (born 1908)

Bhagat Singh, Indian activist (born 1907)

Sukhdev Thapar, Indian activist (born 1907)

Paul César Helleu, French painter and etcher (born 1859)

Hovhannes Tumanyan, Armenian poet and author (born 1869)

Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès, Lebanese saint (born 1832)

Nadar, French photographer, journalist, and author (born 1820)

Henry C. Lord, American businessman (born 1824)

Arthur Macalister, Scottish-Australian politician, 2nd Premier of Queensland (born 1818)

Manuel Robles Pezuela, Unconstitutional Mexican interim president, 1858–1859 (born 1817)

Stendhal, French novelist (born 1783)

Paul I, Russian emperor (born 1754)

Luís António Verney, Portuguese philosopher and pedagogue (born 1713)

Charles Carroll, English barrister and politician (born 1723)

Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian and critic (born 1693)

Johann Gottfried Walther, German organist and composer (born 1684)

Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French general (born 1675)

Jean-Baptiste Dubos, French historian and author (born 1670)

Zebi Hirsch Kaidanover, Lithuanian-born rabbi and writer (born c. 1650)

Nicolas Fouquet, French politician (born 1615)

Anthoni van Noordt, Dutch organist and composer (born 1619)

Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland, English landowner and politician (born 1580)

James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn, Scottish police officer and politician (born 1575)

Justus Lipsius, Flemish philologist and scholar (born 1547)

Henry Unton, English diplomat (born 1557)

Gelawdewos, Ethiopian emperor (born 1521)

Julius III, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1487)

Itagaki Nobukata, Japanese samurai (born 1489)

Yolande, duchess of Lorraine (born 1428)

Peter, king of Castile and León (born 1334)

Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, English politician, Lord High Steward of England (born 1310)

Eudes I, duke of Burgundy (born 1058)

Zhen Zong, Chinese emperor (born 968)

Zhou Chi, Chinese historian and politician (born 793)

Agrippina the Younger, Roman empress (born 15)

Christian feast day: Gregory the Illuminator (Episcopal Church)

Christian feast day: Gwinear

Christian feast day: Joseph Oriol

Christian feast day: Ottone Frangipane

Christian feast day: Rafqa Pietra Choboq Ar-Rayès (Maronite Church)

Christian feast day: Turibius of Mogrovejo

Christian feast day: Victorian, Frumentius and Companions

Christian feast day: March 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Day of Hungarian-Polish Friendship (Hungary and Poland)

Day of the Sea (Bolivia)

Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Day (Azerbaijan)

Pakistan Day (Pakistan)

Promised Messiah Day (Ahmadiyya)

World Meteorological Day