Events That Happened on July 15

France win their second World Cup title, defeating Croatia 4–2.

Factions of the Turkish Armed Forces attempt a coup.

A train derails on the Moscow Metro, killing at least 24 and injuring more than 160 others.

South Korean rapper Psy releases his hit single Gangnam Style.

Caspian Airlines Flight 7908 crashes near Jannatabad, Qazvin, Iran, killing 168.

Space Shuttle program: Endeavour is launched on STS-127 to complete assembly of the International Space Station's Kibō module.

Twitter, later one of the largest social media platforms in the world, is launched.

AOL Time Warner disbands Netscape. The Mozilla Foundation is established on the same day.

"American Taliban" John Walker Lindh pleads guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and possession of explosives during the commission of a felony.

The Anti-Terrorism Court of Pakistan sentences British born Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh to death, and three others suspected of murdering The Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl to life.

Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Tamil MP S. Shanmuganathan is killed by a claymore mine.

A Belgian Air Force C-130 Hercules carrying the Royal Netherlands Army marching band crashes on landing at Eindhoven Airport.

An attack at Orly Airport in Paris is launched by Armenian militant organisation ASALA, leaving eight people dead and 55 injured.

Nintendo and Sega enter the console market with the respective releases of the Famicom and SG-1000 in Japan.

U.S. president Jimmy Carter gives his "malaise speech".

Space Race: Apollo–Soyuz Test Project features the dual launch of an Apollo spacecraft and a Soyuz spacecraft on the first Soviet-United States human-crewed flight. It was the last launch of both an Apollo spacecraft, and the Saturn family of rockets.

Aeroflot Flight E-15 crashes on approach to Batumi International Airport, killing 40.

In Nicosia, Cyprus, Greek junta-sponsored nationalists launch a coup d'état, deposing Makarios III and installing Nikos Sampson as the president of Cyprus.

The United Red Army is founded in Japan.

Vietnam War: The United States and South Vietnam begin Operation Hastings to push the North Vietnamese out of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone.

Eighteen Nobel laureates sign the Mainau Declaration against nuclear weapons, later co-signed by thirty-four others.

The Boeing 367-80, the prototype for both the Boeing 707 and C-135 series, takes its first flight.

The State of North Borneo, now Sabah, Malaysia, is annexed by the United Kingdom.

The Holocaust: Nazi Germany begins the deportation of 100,000 Jews from the occupied Netherlands to extermination camps.

Massacre of July 15, 1927: Eighty-nine protesters are killed by Austrian police in Vienna.

The Japanese Communist Party is established in Japan.

Aftermath of World War I: The Parliament of Poland establishes Silesian Voivodeship before the Polish-German plebiscite.

World War I: The Second Battle of the Marne begins near the River Marne with a German attack.

In Seattle, Washington, William Boeing and George Conrad Westervelt incorporate Pacific Aero Products (later renamed Boeing).

In his book Clinical Psychiatry, Emil Kraepelin gives a name to Alzheimer's disease, naming it after his colleague Alois Alzheimer.

The stratovolcano Mount Bandai erupts, killing approximately 500 people in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan.

Reconstruction Era of the United States: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.

Canadian Confederation: Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory are transferred to Canada from the Hudson's Bay Company, and the province of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories are established from these vast territories.

American Civil War: The CSS Arkansas, the most effective ironclad on the Mississippi River, battles with Union Navy ships commanded by Admiral David Farragut, severely damaging three ships and sustaining heavy damage herself.

The first air raid in history occurs; Austria launches pilotless balloons against the city of Venice

Ralph Waldo Emerson delivers the Divinity School Address at Harvard Divinity School, discounting Biblical miracles and declaring Jesus a great man, but not God. The Protestant community reacts with outrage.

The Spanish Inquisition is officially disbanded after nearly 356 years.

A fire destroys the ancient Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome, Italy.

Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders aboard HMS Bellerophon.

Pike Expedition: United States Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike begins an expedition from Fort Bellefontaine near St. Louis, Missouri, to explore the west.

The Rosetta Stone is found in the Egyptian village of Rosetta by French Captain Pierre-François Bouchard during Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign.

French Revolution: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, is named by acclamation Colonel General of the new National Guard of Paris.

Aleksei Chirikov sights land in Southeast Alaska. He sends men ashore in a longboat, making them the first Europeans to visit Alaska.

Baruch Laibov and Alexander Voznitzin are burned alive in St. Petersburg, Russia. Vonitzin had converted to Judaism with Laibov's help, with the consent of Empress Anna Ivanovna.

The first university of Finland, the Royal Academy of Turku, is inaugurated in Turku.

Muhammad XII is crowned the twenty-second and last Nasrid king of Granada.

Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War: Battle of Grunwald: The allied forces of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the army of the Teutonic Order.

John Ball, a leader in the Peasants' Revolt, is hanged, drawn and quartered in the presence of King Richard II of England.

Swedish–Novgorodian Wars: A Novgorodian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva.

King John of England expels Canterbury monks for supporting Archbishop Stephen Langton.

The reconstructed Church of the Holy Sepulchre is consecrated in Jerusalem.

First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final assault of a difficult siege.

An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong of Tang is ordered by his Imperial Guards to execute chancellor Yang Guozhong by forcing him to commit suicide or face a mutiny. General An Lushan has other members of the emperor's family killed.

First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. (17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).

Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome.

Iain Armitage, American actor

JuJu Watkins, American basketball player

Mohamed Sobhy, Egyptian footballer

Noah Gragson, American racing driver

Jil Teichmann, Swiss tennis player

Vivianne Miedema, Dutch football player

Håvard Nielsen, Norwegian footballer

Harrison Rhodes, American racing driver

Masataka Yoshida, Japanese baseball player

Tobias Harris, American basketball player

Wayde van Niekerk, South African sprinter

Danilo, Brazilian footballer

Derrick Favors, American basketball player

Evgeny Tishchenko, Russian boxer

Nuria Párrizas Díaz, Spanish tennis player

Olly Alexander, English singer and actor

Zach Bogosian, American ice hockey player

Damian Lillard, American basketball player

Tyler Young, American racing driver

Alisa Kleybanova, Russian tennis player

Anthony Randolph, American basketball player

Tyler Kennedy, Canadian ice hockey player

Yahya Abdul-Mateen II, American actor

Angelo Siniscalchi, Italian footballer

Veronika Velez-Zuzulová, Slovak skier

Salvatore Iovino, American racing driver

Nelson Merlo, Brazilian racing driver

Heath Slater, American wrestler

Julien Canal, French racing driver

Neemia Tialata, New Zealand rugby player

Aída Yéspica, Venezuelan model and actress

Alou Diarra, French footballer

Petros Klampanis, Greek bassist and composer

Marius Stankevičius, Lithuanian footballer

Reggie Abercrombie, American baseball player

Jonathan Cheechoo, Canadian ice hockey player

Julia Perez, Indonesian singer and actress (died 2017)

Laura Benanti, American actress and singer

Alexander Frei, Swiss footballer

Edda Garðarsdóttir, Icelandic footballer

Renata Kučerová, Czech tennis player

Miguel Olivo, Dominican baseball player

D. J. Kennington, Canadian racing driver

André Nel, South African cricketer

Lana Parrilla, American actress

John St. Clair, American football player

Ray Toro, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Steve Cunningham, American boxer

Marco Di Vaio, Italian footballer

Diane Kruger, German actress and model

Gabriel Iglesias, Mexican-American comedian and voice actor

Cherry, American wrestler and manager

Danny Law, English cricketer

Ben Pepper, Australian basketball player

Brian Austin Green, American actor

Buju Banton, Jamaican singer

Scott Foley, American actor

Tarkan Gözübüyük, Turkish bass player and producer

Ain Tammus, Estonian footballer and coach

Eddie Griffin, American comedian, actor, and producer

Adam Savage, American actor and special effects designer

Elbert West, American singer-songwriter (died 2015)

Jason Bonham, English singer-songwriter and drummer

Irène Jacob, French-Swiss actress

Alistair Carmichael, Scottish lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland

Gero Miesenböck, Austrian neuroscientist and educator

David Miliband, English politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs

Brigitte Nielsen, Danish-Italian actress

Steve Thomas, English-Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Nikos Filippou, Greek basketball player and manager

Michelle Ford, Australian swimmer

Lolita Davidovich, Canadian actress

Jean-Christophe Grangé, French journalist and screenwriter

Forest Whitaker, American actor

Vincent Lindon, French actor, director, and screenwriter

Gary Heale, English footballer and coach

Mac Thornberry, American lawyer and politician

Cecile Richards, American activist and former Planned Parenthood president (died 2025)

Ashoke Sen, Indian theoretical physicist and string theorist

Ian Curtis, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1980)

Nicholas Harberd, British botanist, educator, and academician

Barry Melrose, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and sportscaster

Steve Mortimer, Australian rugby league player, coach, and administrator

Joe Satriani, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Wayne Taylor, South African racing driver

John Ferguson, Australian rugby league player

Giorgos Kaminis, American-Greek lawyer and politician, 78th Mayor of Athens

Mario Kempes, Argentinian footballer and manager

Jean-Bertrand Aristide, Haitian priest and politician, 49th President of Haiti

Sultanah Haminah, Malaysian royal consort

Mohamad Shahrum Osman, Malaysian politician

Alicia Bridges, American singer-songwriter

John Cleland, British racing driver

Celia Imrie, English actress

Terry O'Quinn, American actor

David Pack, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Marky Ramone, American drummer and songwriter

Johnny Thunders, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1991)

Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican-English singer-songwriter (died 2010)

Jesse Ventura, American wrestler, actor, and politician, 38th Governor of Minnesota

Colin Barnett, Australian economist and politician, 29th Premier of Western Australia

Arianna Huffington, Greek-American journalist and publisher

Carl Bildt, Swedish politician and diplomat, Prime Minister of Sweden

Trevor Horn, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer

Richard Russo, American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter

Twinkle, English singer-songwriter (died 2015)

Dimosthenis Kourtovik, Greek anthropologist and critic

Artimus Pyle, American rock drummer and songwriter

Lydia Davis, American short story writer, novelist, and essayist

Pridiyathorn Devakula, Thai economist and politician, Thai Minister of Finance

Roky Erickson, American singer-songwriter and musician (died 2019)

Linda Ronstadt, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress

Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei

David Arthur Granger, Guyanese politician, 9th President of Guyana

Peter Lewis, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Jürgen Möllemann, German soldier and politician, Vice-Chancellor of Germany (died 2003)

Millie Jackson, American singer-songwriter

Jan-Michael Vincent, American actor (died 2019)

Nigel Williams, English conservator (died 1992)

Jocelyn Bell Burnell, Northern Irish astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic

Vivian Malone Jones, American civil rights activist (died 2005)

Livia Gouverneur, Venezuelan activist (died 1961)

Chris Cord, American racing driver (died 2022)

Denis Héroux, Canadian director and producer (died 2015)

Ronald Gene Simmons, American sergeant and convicted murderer (died 1990)

Robert Winston, English surgeon, academic, and politician

Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Portuguese economist and politician, 19th President of the Portuguese Republic

Bill Alsup, American racing driver (died 2016)

Ernie Barnes, American football player, actor, and painter (died 2009)

Carmen Callil, Australian publisher, founded Virago Press (died 2022)

Barry Goldwater, Jr., American lawyer and politician

Prabhash Joshi, Indian journalist (died 2009)

George Voinovich, American lawyer and politician, 65th Governor of Ohio (died 2016)

Donn Clendenon, American baseball player and lawyer (died 2005)

Alex Karras, American football player, wrestler, and actor (died 2012)

Ken Kercheval, American actor and director (died 2019)

Harrison Birtwistle, English composer and academic (died 2022)

Eva Krížiková, Czech actress (died 2020)

Risto Jarva, Finnish director and producer (died 1977)

Guido Crepax, Italian author and illustrator (died 2003)

M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Indian author and screenwriter (died 2024)

Ed Litzenberger, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2010)

Clive Cussler, American archaeologist and author (died 2020)

Joanna Merlin, American actress and casting director (died 2023)

Jacques-Yvan Morin, Canadian lawyer and politician, Deputy Premier of Quebec (died 2023)

Jacques Derrida, Algerian-French philosopher and academic (died 2004)

Richard Garneau, Canadian journalist and sportscaster (died 2013)

Stephen Smale, American mathematician and computer scientist

Einosuke Akiya, Japanese Buddhist leader

Charles Anthony, American tenor and actor (died 2012)

Francis Bebey, Cameroonian-French guitarist (died 2001)

Ian Stewart, Scottish racing driver (died 2017)

Carl Woese, American microbiologist and biophysicist (died 2012)

Viramachaneni Vimla Devi, Indian parliamentarian (died 1967)

Nan Martin, American actress (died 2010)

Carmen Zapata, American actress (died 2014)

Håkon Brusveen, Norwegian cross-country skier (died 2021)

Driss Chraïbi, Moroccan-French journalist and author (died 2007)

Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentinian general and politician, 44th President of Argentina (died 2003)

Raymond Gosling, English physicist and academic (died 2015)

Sir John Graham, 4th Baronet, English diplomat (died 2019)

Philip Carey, American actor (died 2009)

Taylor Hardwick, American architect, designed Haydon Burns Library and Friendship Fountain Park (died 2014)

D. A. Pennebaker, American documentary filmmaker (died 2019)

Evan Hultman, American politician (died 2025)

Antony Carbone, American actor (died 2020)

Pandel Savic, American football player (died 2018)

Jeremiah Denton, American admiral and politician (died 2014)

Marianne Bernadotte, Swedish actress and philanthropist (died 2025)

Leon M. Lederman, American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2018)

Jean-Pierre Richard, French writer (died 2019)

Henri Colpi, Swiss-French director and screenwriter (died 2006)

Robert Bruce Merrifield, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2006)

Fritz Langanke, German lieutenant (died 2012)

Iris Murdoch, Anglo-Irish British novelist and philosopher (died 1999)

Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2003)

Brenda Milner, English-Canadian neuropsychologist and academic

Robert Conquest, English-American historian, poet, and academic (died 2015)

Joan Roberts, American actress and singer (died 2012)

Nur Muhammad Taraki, Afghan journalist and politician (died 1979)

Sumner Gerard, American politician and diplomat (died 2005)

Albert Ghiorso, American chemist and academic (died 2010)

Kashmir Singh Katoch, Indian army officer (died 2007)

Birabongse Bhanudej, Thai racing driver and sailor, member of the Thai royal family (died 1985)

Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani economist, scholar, and activist (died 1999)

Howard Vernon, Swiss-French actor (died 1996)

Cowboy Copas, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1963)

Hammond Innes, English journalist and author (died 1998)

Abraham Sutzkever, Russian poet and author (died 2010)

Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton, English geographer and politician, Secretary of State for Air (died 1994)

Jean Hamburger, French physician and surgeon (died 1992)

R. S. Mugali, Indian poet and academic (died 1993)

Rudolf Uhlenhaut, English-German engineer (died 1989)

Dorothy Fields, American songwriter (died 1974)

Anita Farra, Italian actress (died 2008)

Rudolf Arnheim, German-American psychologist and author (died 2007)

Walter D. Edmonds, American journalist and author (died 1998)

K. Kamaraj, Indian journalist and politician (died 1975)

Jean Rey, Belgian lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the European Commission (died 1983)

Seán Lemass, Irish soldier and politician, 4th Taoiseach of Ireland (died 1971)

Tadeusz Sendzimir, Polish-American engineer (died 1989)

Enid Bennett, Australian-American actress (died 1969)

Dick Rauch, American football player and coach (died 1970)

Walter Benjamin, German philosopher and critic (died 1940)

Wharton Esherick, American sculptor (died 1970)

Denny Barry Irish Republican died during the 1923 Irish Hunger Strikes (died 1923)

Enrique Mosca, Argentinian lawyer and politician (died 1950)

Doppo Kunikida, Japanese journalist, author, and poet (died 1908)

Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French physician and explorer (died 1936)

Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, Anglo-Irish businessman and publisher, founded the Amalgamated Press (died 1922)

Wilhelm Wirtinger, Austrian-German mathematician and theorist (died 1945)

Marie Tempest, English actress and singer (died 1942)

Emmeline Pankhurst, English political activist and suffragist (died 1928)

Josef Josephi, Polish-born singer and actor (died 1920)

Frances Xavier Cabrini, Italian-American nun and saint (died 1917)

Vilfredo Pareto, Italian economist and sociologist (died 1923)

W. W. Thayer American lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of Oregon (died 1899)

Sir John Fowler, 1st Baronet, English engineer, designed the Forth Bridge (died 1898)

James Hope-Scott, English lawyer and academic (died 1873)

Henry Edward Manning, English cardinal (died 1892)

Sidney Breese, American jurist and politician (died 1878)

Reuben Chapman, American lawyer and politician, 13th Governor of Alabama (died 1882)

Thomas Bulfinch, American mythologist (died 1867)

Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps, American educator, author, editor (died 1884)

Clement Clarke Moore, American author, poet, and educator (died 1863)

August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German bishop and theologian (died 1792)

Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani, Italian violinist and composer (died 1693)

Jens Juel, Danish politician and diplomat, Governor-general of Norway (died 1700)

Richard Cumberland, English philosopher (died 1718)

Gu Yanwu, Chinese philologist and geographer (died 1682)

Jai Singh I, maharaja of Jaipur (died 1667)

Rembrandt, Dutch painter and etcher (died 1669)

Jan Cossiers, Flemish painter (died 1671)

Inigo Jones, English architect, designed the Queen's House (died 1652)

Barbara Jagiellon, duchess consort of Saxony and Margravine consort of Meissen (died 1534)

Eskender, Ethiopian emperor (died 1494)

Queen Yun, Korean queen (died 1482)

Boček IV of Poděbrady, Bohemian nobleman (died 1496)

Antonio Correr, Italian cardinal (died 1445)

Vladimir the Bold, Russian prince (died 1410)

Ewostatewos, Ethiopian monk and saint (died 1352)

Ichijō, Japanese emperor (died 1011)

Peter R. de Vries, Dutch investigative journalist and crime reporter (born 1956)

Martin Landau, American film and television actor (born 1928)

Masahiko Aoki, Japanese-American economist and academic (born 1938)

Wan Li, Chinese politician, 4th Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (born 1916)

Aubrey Morris, British actor (born 1926)

Dave Somerville, Canadian singer (born 1933)

Óscar Acosta, Honduran author, poet, and diplomat (born 1933)

James MacGregor Burns, American historian, political scientist, and author (born 1918)

Edward Perl, American neuroscientist and academic (born 1926)

Robert A. Roe, American soldier and politician (born 1924)

Ninos Aho, Syrian-American poet and activist (born 1945)

Henry Braden, American lawyer and politician (born 1944)

Tom Greenwell, American lawyer and judge (born 1956)

Earl Gros, American football player (born 1940)

Noël Lee, Chinese-American pianist and composer (born 1924)

Meskerem Legesse, Ethiopian runner (born 1986)

John T. Riedl, American computer scientist and academic (born 1962)

Boris Cebotari, Moldovan footballer (born 1975)

Tsilla Chelton, Israeli-French actress (born 1919)

Grant Feasel, American football player (born 1960)

David Fraser, English general (born 1920)

Celeste Holm, American actress and singer (born 1917)

Yoichi Takabayashi, Japanese director and screenwriter (born 1931)

Friedrich Wilhelm Schnitzler, German landowner and politician (born 1928)

Googie Withers, British-Australian actress (born 1917)

James E. Akins, American politician and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia (born 1926)

György Kolonics, Hungarian canoe racer (born 1972)

Robert H. Brooks, American businessman, founder of Hooters and Naturally Fresh, Inc. (born 1937)

Alireza Shapour Shahbazi, Iranian archaeologist and academic (born 1942)

Roberto Bolaño, Chilean novelist, short-story writer, poet, and essayist (born 1953)

Elisabeth Welch, American actress and singer (born 1904)

C. Balasingham, Sri Lankan lawyer and civil servant (born 1917)

Louis Quilico, Canadian opera singer and educator (born 1925)

S. Shanmuganathan, Sri Lankan politician (born 1960)

Justinas Lagunavičius, Lithuanian basketball player (born 1924)

Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer, founded Versace (born 1946)

Hammer DeRoburt, Nauruan educator and politician, 1st President of Nauru (born 1922)

Chingiz Mustafayev, Azerbaijani journalist and author (born 1960)

Bert Convy, American actor, singer, and game show host (born 1933)

Zaim Topčić, Yugoslav and Bosnian writer (born 1920)

Margaret Lockwood, English actress (born 1916)

Omar Abu Risha, Syrian poet and diplomat, 4th Syrian Ambassador to the United States (born 1910)

Laurie Cunningham, English footballer (born 1956)

Eleanor Estes, American librarian, author, and illustrator (born 1906)

Billy Haughton, American harness racer and trainer (born 1923)

Bill Justis, American saxophonist, songwriter, and producer (born 1926)

Frédéric Dorion, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (born 1898)

Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Mexican academic and politician, 29th President of Mexico (born 1911)

Donald Mackay, Australian businessman and activist (born 1933)

Paul Gallico, American journalist and author (born 1897)

Christine Chubbuck, American journalist (born 1944)

Grace Hutchins, American labor reformer and researcher (born 1885)

Seyfi Arkan, Turkish architect (born 1903)

Francis Cherry, American lawyer and politician, 35th Governor of Arkansas (born 1908)

John Edward Brownlee, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Alberta (born 1884)

Nina Bari, Russian mathematician (born 1901)

Set Persson, Swedish politician (born 1897)

Lawrence Tibbett, American singer and actor (born 1896)

Ernest Bloch, Swiss-American composer and academic (born 1880)

Vance Palmer, Australian author and critic (born 1885)

James M. Cox, American publisher and politician, 46th Governor of Ohio (born 1870)

Vasily Maklakov, a Russian lawyer and politician (born 1869)

Geevarghese Mar Ivanios, Indian archbishop, founded the Order of the Imitation of Christ (born 1882)

John J. Pershing, American general (born 1860)

Walter Donaldson, American soldier and songwriter (born 1893)

Razor Smith, English cricketer and coach (born 1877)

Marie-Victorin Kirouac, Canadian botanist and academic (born 1885)

Wenceslao Vinzons, Filipino lawyer and politician (born 1910)

Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist and physician (born 1857)

Robert Wadlow, American giant, 8"11' 271 cm (born 1918)

Irving Babbitt, American scholar, critic, and academic (born 1865)

Freddie Keppard, American cornet player (born 1890)

Bahíyyih Khánum, Iranian writer and leader in the Baha'i faith (born 1846)

Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven, South African poet and politician (born 1873)

Ladislaus Bortkiewicz, Russian-German economist and mathematician (born 1868)

Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist, composer, and conductor (born 1845)

Leonora Barry, Irish-born American social activist (born 1849)

Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (born 1874)

Emil Fischer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1852)

Anton Chekhov, Russian playwright and short story writer (born 1860)

Jean-Baptiste Salpointe, French-American archbishop (born 1825)

Gottfried Keller, Swiss author, poet and playwright (born 1819)

Rosalía de Castro, Spanish author and poet (born 1837)

General Tom Thumb, American circus performer (born 1838)

Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov, Russian painter (born 1806)

Carl Czerny, Austrian pianist and composer (born 1791)

Anne-Marie Javouhey, French nun, founder of the Sisters of St Joseph of Cluny (born 1779)

Juan Felipe Ibarra, Argentinian general and politician (born 1787)

Claude Charles Fauriel, French philologist and historian (born 1772)

Winthrop Mackworth Praed, English poet and politician (born 1802)

Jean-Antoine Houdon, French sculptor (born 1741)

Jacques Duphly, French harpsichord player and composer (born 1715)

Charles-André van Loo, French painter (born 1705)

Vasily Tatishchev, Russian ethnographer and politician (born 1686)

James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, Dutch-born English general and claimant to the throne, executed (born 1649)

Girolamo Rainaldi, Italian architect (born 1570)

Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de Brantôme, French soldier, historian and author (born 1540)

Annibale Carracci, Italian painter and illustrator (born 1560)

Shimazu Takahisa, Japanese daimyō (born 1514)

René of Châlon (born 1519)

Lisa del Giocondo, subject of Leonardo da Vinci's painting Mona Lisa (born 1479)

Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland

Ulrich von Jungingen, German Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (born 1360)

William, Duke of Austria

Catherine of Henneberg, German ruler (born c. 1334)

Agnes of Durazzo, titular Latin empress consort of Constantinople (born 1313)

John Ball, English Lollard priest

King Eric II of Norway (born c. 1268)

Rudolf I of Germany (born 1218)

Bonaventure, Italian bishop and saint (born 1221)

Vladimir the Great, Grand prince of Kievan Rus' (born c. 958)

Abū al-Wafā' Būzjānī, Persian mathematician and astronomer (born 940)

Yang Guifei, consort of Xuan Zong (born 719)

Christian feast day: Abhai (Syriac Orthodox Church)

Christian feast day: Anne-Marie Javouhey

Christian feast day: Bernhard II, Margrave of Baden-Baden

Christian feast day: Bonaventure

Christian feast day: Dispersion of the Apostles (formerly by the Catholic Church)

Christian feast day: Donald of Ogilvy

Christian feast day: Edith of Polesworth

Christian feast day: Edith of Wilton

Christian feast day: Plechelm

Christian feast day: Quriaqos and Julietta (Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox)

Christian feast day: Swithun

Christian feast day: Vladimir the Great (Eastern Orthodox; Catholic Church)

Christian feast day: July 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

EU Day for the Victims of the Global Climate Crisis (European Union, worldwide)

Festival of Santa Rosalia (Palermo, Sicily)

Meänmaa Flag Day (Meänmaa)

Statehood Day (Ukraine)