Emmerson Mnangagwa (pictured) was elected to his first full term as president, having served as leader since the 2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état.
More than 150 people died after heavy rains triggered a landslide in the village of Malin in Maharashtra, India.
A train fire killed 32 passengers and injured 27 on the Tamil Nadu Express in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Lebanon War: The Israeli Air Force attacked a three-story building near the Lebanese village of Qana, killing at least 28 civilians, including 16 children.
British Conservative member of Parliament Ian Gow was killed outside his home in a car bombing by the Provisional Irish Republican Army.
Amid a widespread economic crisis and food shortages in Poland, up to 50,000 people, mostly women and children, took part in the largest of nationwide hunger demonstrations in Łódź.
American labor-union leader Jimmy Hoffa disappeared after last being seen outside a restaurant near Detroit.
In London, the England national football team won the FIFA World Cup, winning the final against West Germany 4–2 after extra time.
At the height of a political crisis known as the royal question, four workers were shot dead by the Belgian Gendarmerie at a strike in Grâce-Berleur.
In Montevideo, the Uruguay national football team (team pictured) won the inaugural FIFA World Cup, defeating Argentina 4–2 in the final.
World War I: German agents sabotaged U.S.-made munitions in New York Harbor that were to be supplied to the Allies.
The boiler of the Staten Island Ferry Westfield II exploded at South Ferry in New York City, killing at least 45 people.
Off the coast of Crescent City, California, the steamer Brother Jonathan struck an uncharted rock and sank, killing 225 people; its cargo of gold coins was not retrieved until 1996.
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (depicted), a leader of the Mexican War of Independence, was executed by Spanish forces in Chihuahua City, Mexico.
Bach's chorale cantata Wo Gott der Herr nicht bei uns hält, a paraphrase of Psalm 124 based on a 1524 hymn by Justus Jonas, was first performed in Leipzig.
A magnitude 8.8 earthquake hits Russia, causing tsunamis over the Pacific Ocean.
A series of landslides occurs in Kerala, India, causing over 420 fatalities.
NASA's Mars 2020 mission was launched on an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
Twenty killed and 150 are trapped after a landslide in Maharashtra, India.
A train fire kills 32 passengers and injures 27 on the Tamil Nadu Express in Andhra Pradesh, India.
A power grid failure in Delhi leaves more than 300 million people without power in northern India.
Marriage of Queen Elizabeth II's eldest granddaughter Zara Phillips to former rugby union footballer Mike Tindall.
The world's longest running music show Top of the Pops is broadcast for the last time on BBC Two. The show had aired for 42 years.
An Israeli airstrike kills 28 Lebanese civilians, including 16 children.
In Mexico, the last 'old style' Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line.
Three years after the death the last Pyrenean ibex, Celia, a clone of her is born only to subsequently die from lung defects. Within minutes, the Pyrenean ibex becomes the first and so-far only species to have ever gone de-extinct as well as go extinct twice.
Ian Gow, Conservative Member of Parliament, is assassinated at his home by the IRA in a car bombing after he assured the group that the British government would never surrender to them.
As many as 50,000 demonstrators, mostly women and children, took to the streets in Łódź to protest food ration shortages in Communist Poland.
Vanuatu gains independence.
Israel's Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law.
The 730: Okinawa Prefecture changes its traffic on the right-hand side of the road to the left-hand side.
Jimmy Hoffa disappears from the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, at about 2:30 p.m. He is never seen or heard from again.
Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard Nixon releases subpoenaed White House recordings after being ordered to do so by the Supreme Court of the United States.
Apollo program: On Apollo 15, David Scott and James Irwin in the Apollo Lunar Module Falcon land on the Moon with the first Lunar Rover.
An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 and a Japanese Air Force F-86 collide over Morioka, Iwate, Japan killing 162.
Vietnam War: U.S. president Richard Nixon makes an unscheduled visit to South Vietnam and meets with President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and U.S. military commanders.
England defeats West Germany to win the FIFA World Cup at Wembley Stadium 4–2 after extra time.
U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and Medicaid.
The Trans-Canada Highway, the then longest national highway in the world, is officially opened.
A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress is signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing In God We Trust as the U.S. national motto.
World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the USS Indianapolis, killing 883 seamen. Most die during the following four days, until an aircraft notices the survivors.
Premiere of Walt Disney's Flowers and Trees, the first cartoon short to use Technicolor and the first Academy Award winning cartoon short.
In Montevideo, Uruguay wins the first FIFA World Cup by beating Argentina.
The Black Tom explosion in New York Harbor kills four and destroys some $20,000,000 worth of military goods.
Japan's Emperor Meiji dies and is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who is now known as the Emperor Taishō.
The Staten Island Ferry Westfield's boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.
Armed Confederate veterans in New Orleans riot against a meeting of Radical Republicans, killing 48 people and injuring another 100.
The steamboat Brother Jonathan sinks off the coast of Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers, the deadliest shipwreck on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. at the time.
American Civil War: Battle of the Crater: Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines at Petersburg, Virginia by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.
American Indian Wars: Representatives of the United States and tribal leaders including Chief Pocatello (of the Shoshone) sign the Treaty of Box Elder.
Valuev Circular banned the publication of religious, educational and training books in Ukrainian in the Russian Empire.
First ascent of Grand Combin, one of the highest summits in the Alps.
Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican insurgency, is executed by the Spanish in Chihuahua City, Mexico.
In Saint Petersburg, Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers.
The first Masonic Grand Lodge in the future United States is constituted in Massachusetts.
Founding of Baltimore, Maryland.
Nathaniel Bacon issues the "Declaration of the People of Virginia", beginning Bacon's Rebellion against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.
The Battle of Warsaw ends with a Swedish-Brandenburger victory over a larger Polish-Lithuanian force.
English Civil War: Scottish Covenanter forces under the Earl of Leven launch the Siege of Hereford, a remaining Royalist stronghold.
Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Schenkenschans begins; Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the Spanish Army.
An earthquake kills about 5,000 people in Gargano, Italy.
In Jamestown, Virginia, the first Colonial European representative assembly in the Americas, the Virginia General Assembly, convenes for the first time.
Beaver Wars: At Ticonderoga (now Crown Point, New York), Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs on behalf of his native allies.
Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras during his fourth voyage.
First Defenestration of Prague: A crowd of radical Hussites kill seven members of the Prague city council.
Baghdad is founded.
Joey King, American actress
Nina Stojanović, Serbian tennis player
Dylan Larkin, American hockey player
Hirving Lozano, Mexican footballer
Nelydia Senrose, Malaysian actress
Jacob Faria, American baseball player
André Gomes, Portuguese footballer
Margarida Moura, Portuguese tennis player
Miho Miyazaki, Japanese singer
Hannah Cockroft, English wheelchair racer
Diana Vickers, English singer-songwriter
Chris Maxwell, Welsh footballer
Tom Morris, Australian journalist
Aleix Espargaró, Spanish motorcycle racer
Wayne Parnell, South African cricketer
Wen Chean Lim, Malaysian rhythmic gymnast
Anton Fink, German footballer
Sam Saunders, American golfer
Tiago Alencar, Brazilian footballer
William Zillman, Australian rugby league player
Chris Guccione, Australian tennis player
Daniel Fredheim Holm, Norwegian footballer
Luca Lanotte, Italian ice dancer
Matthew Scott, Australian rugby league player
Marko Asmer, Estonian race car driver
Gabrielle Christian, American actress and singer
Ása Berglind Hjálmarsdóttir, Icelandic politician
Trudy McIntosh, Australian artistic gymnast
Kevin Pittsnogle, American basketball player
Gina Rodriguez, American actress
Seán Dillon, Irish footballer
Jehad Al-Hussain, Syrian footballer
James Anderson, English cricketer
Martin Starr, American actor and comedian
Yvonne Strahovski, Australian actress
Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer (died 2017)
Juan Smith, South African rugby union footballer
Hope Solo, American soccer player
Indrek Turi, Estonian decathlete
Seth Avett, American folk-rock singer-songwriter and musician
Justin Rose, South African-English golfer
Carlos Arroyo, Puerto Rican basketball player and singer
Chad Keegan, South African cricketer and coach
Graeme McDowell, Northern Irish golfer
Maya Nasser, Syrian journalist (died 2012)
Diana Bolocco, Chilean model and journalist;
Misty May-Treanor, American volleyball player and coach
Jaime Pressly, American actress
Bootsy Thornton, American basketball player
Ian Watkins, Welsh former Lostprophets singer-songwriter and convicted child sex offender
Graham Nicholls, English author and activist
Kate Starbird, American basketball player and computer scientist
Radostin Kishishev, Bulgarian footballer and manager
Jason Robinson, English rugby league footballer, and rugby union footballer and coach
Hilary Swank, American actress and producer
Kenton Cool, English mountaineer
Ümit Davala, Turkish footballer and manager
Anastasios Katsabis, Greek footballer
Markus Näslund, Swedish ice hockey player and manager
Sonu Nigam, Indian playback singer and actor
Clementa C. Pinckney, American minister and politician (died 2015)
Jim McIlvaine, American basketball player and sportscaster
Elvis Crespo, American-Puerto Rican singer
Tom Green, Canadian comedian and actor
Christine Taylor, American actress
Alun Cairns, Welsh businessman and politician
Dean Edwards, American comedian, actor, and singer
Christopher Nolan, English-American director, producer, and screenwriter
Simon Baker, Australian actor, director, and producer
Errol Stewart, South African cricketer and lawyer
Terry Crews, American actor and football player
Robert Korzeniowski, Polish race walker and coach
Sean Moore, Welsh drummer and songwriter
Kerry Fox, New Zealand actress and screenwriter
Craig Gannon, English guitarist and songwriter
Allan Langer, Australian rugby league player and coach
Louise Wener, English author and singer-songwriter
Tim Munton, English cricketer
Ron Block, American singer-songwriter and banjo player
Vivica A. Fox, American actress
Alek Keshishian, Lebanese-American director, producer, and screenwriter
Jürgen Klinsmann, German footballer and manager
Laine Randjärv, Estonian lawyer and politician, 6th Estonian Minister of Culture
Peter Bowler, English-Australian cricketer
Lisa Kudrow, American actress and producer
Antoni Martí, Andorran architect and politician
Chris Mullin, American basketball player, coach, and executive
Alton Brown, American chef, author, and producer
Jay Feaster, American ice hockey player and manager
Yakub Memon, Indian accountant and terrorist (died 2015)
Laurence Fishburne, American actor and producer
Jennifer Barnes, American-English musicologist and academic
Richard Linklater, American director and screenwriter
Brillante Mendoza, Filipino independent film director
Kate Bush, English singer-songwriter and producer
Liz Kershaw, English radio broadcaster
Daley Thompson, English decathlete and trainer
Antonio Adamo, Italian director and cinematographer
Bill Cartwright, American basketball player and coach
Clint Hurdle, American baseball player and manager
Nery Pumpido, Argentinian footballer, coach, and manager
Delta Burke, American actress
Réal Cloutier, Canadian ice hockey player
Georg Gänswein, German prelate, Prefect of the Pontifical Household, and former personal secretary to Pope Benedict XVI
Anita Hill, American lawyer and academic
Soraida Martinez, American painter and educator
Rat Scabies, English drummer and producer
Christopher Warren-Green, English violinist and conductor
Ken Olin, American actor, director, and producer
Stephen Blackmore, English botanist and author
Alan Kourie, South African cricketer
Gerry Judah, Indian-English painter and sculptor
Harriet Harman, English lawyer and politician
Frank Stallone, American singer-songwriter and actor
Duck Baker, American guitarist
Sonia Proudman, English lawyer and judge (died 2023)
Billy Paultz, American basketball player
Jean Reno, Spanish-French actor
Otis Taylor, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
Julia Tsenova, Bulgarian pianist and composer (died 2010)
William Atherton, American actor and producer
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, French virologist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
Jonathan Mann, American physician and author (died 1998)
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-American bodybuilder, actor, and politician, 38th Governor of California
Neil Bonnett, American race car driver and sportscaster (died 1994)
Jeffrey Hammond, English bass player
Patrick Modiano, French novelist and screenwriter, Nobel Prize laureate
David Sanborn, American saxophonist and composer (died 2024)
Gerry Birrell, Scottish race car driver (died 1973)
Peter Bottomley, English politician
Frances de la Tour, English actress
Henri-François Gautrin, Canadian physicist and politician
Pollyanna Pickering, English environmentalist and painter (died 2018)
Paul Anka, Canadian singer-songwriter and actor
Patricia Schroeder, American lawyer and politician (died 2023)
Clive Sinclair, English businessman, founded Sinclair Radionics and Sinclair Research (died 2021)
Peter Bogdanovich, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2022)
Eleanor Smeal, American activist, founded the Feminist Majority Foundation
Hervé de Charette, French politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs
Terry O'Neill, English photographer (died 2019)
Buddy Guy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz (died 2020)
Bud Selig, 9th Major League Baseball Commissioner
Dominique Lapierre, French historian and author (died 2022)
Marina Popovich, Soviet pilot, engineer and military officer (died 2017)
Sid Krofft, Canadian-American puppeteer and producer
Sulochana Latkar, Indian actress (died 2023)
Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster (died 2007)
Richard Johnson, English actor, producer, and screenwriter (died 2015)
Pete Schoening, American mountaineer (died 2004)
Victor Wong, American actor (died 2001)
Betye Saar, American artist
George Shanard, American politician and businessman (died 2012)
Stan Stennett, Welsh actor and trumpet player (died 2013)
Alexander Trocchi, Scottish author and poet (died 1984)
C. T. Vivian, American minister, author, and activist (died 2020)
Henry W. Bloch, American banker and businessman, co-founded H&R Block (died 2019)
Grant Johannesen, American pianist and educator (died 2005)
Walter Schuck, German lieutenant and pilot (died 2015)
Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin, Irish journalist and author, 6th President of the International Olympic Committee (died 1999)
Lou Darvas, American soldier and cartoonist (died 1987)
Edgar de Evia, Mexican-American photographer (died 2003)
C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian and author (died 1993)
Salvador Novo, Mexican poet and playwright (died 1974)
Alfred Lépine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 1955)
Gerald Moore, English pianist (died 1987)
Henry Moore, English sculptor and illustrator (died 1986)
Casey Stengel, American baseball player and manager (died 1975)
Smedley Butler, American general, Medal of Honor recipient (died 1940)
Princess Clémentine of Belgium (died 1955)
Henry Ford, American engineer and businessman, founded the Ford Motor Company (died 1947)
Nikolai Yudenich, Russian general (died 1933)
Henry Simpson Lunn, English minister and humanitarian, founded Lunn Poly (died 1939)
Thorstein Veblen, American economist and sociologist (died 1929)
Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, German-Swiss businessman (died 1919)
George Lemuel Woods, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 3rd Governor of Oregon (died 1890)
Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian engineer and author (died 1893)
Emily Brontë, English novelist and poet (died 1848)
Jan Heemskerk, Dutch lawyer and politician, 16th and 19th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (died 1897)
Charles Chiniquy, Canadian-American priest and theologian (died 1899)
Maria Aletta Hulshoff, Dutch feminist and pamphleteer (died 1846)
Samuel Rogers, English poet and art collector (died 1855)
Maria Anna Mozart, Austrian pianist (died 1829)
Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (died 1673)
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (died 1609)
Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, historian, and architect (died 1574)
Hongzhi, emperor of the Ming dynasty (died 1505)
David Argue, Australian actor (born 1959)
George Nigh, American politician, 17th and 22nd Governor of Oklahoma (born 1927)
Onyeka Onwenu, Nigerian singer, actress and politician (born 1952)
Paul Reubens, American actor and comedian (born 1952)
Pat Carroll, American actress and comedian (born 1927)
Nichelle Nichols, American actress, singer and dancer (born 1932)
Shona Ferguson, Botswana-born, South African actor and executive producer (born 1974)
Lee Teng-hui, Taiwanese politician, President (1988–2000), Vice President (1984–1988) and mayor of Taipei (1978–1981) (born 1923)
Herman Cain, American businessman and political activist (born 1945)
Michael A. Sheehan, American author, former government official and military officer (born 1955)
Gloria DeHaven, American actress, singer, and dancer (born 1925)
Lynn Anderson, American singer (born 1947)
Stuart Baggs, English businessman (born 1988)
Endel Lippmaa, Estonian physicist (born 1930)
Francis Paul Prucha, American historian and academic (born 1921)
Alena Vrzáňová, Czech figure skater (born 1931)
Robert Drew, American director and producer (born 1924)
Harun Farocki, German director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1944)
Julio Grondona, Argentinian businessman (born 1931)
Peter Hall, English geographer, author, and academic (born 1932)
Dick Smith, American make-up artist (born 1922)
Dick Wagner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1942)
Cecil Alexander, American architect, designed the State of Georgia Building (born 1918)
Berthold Beitz, German businessman (born 1913)
Robert Neelly Bellah, American sociologist and author (born 1927)
Harry F. Byrd Jr., American lieutenant, publisher, and politician (born 1914)
Antoni Ramallets, Spanish footballer and manager (born 1924)
Ossie Schectman, American basketball player (born 1919)
Benjamin Walker, Indian-English author, poet, and playwright (born 1913)
Maeve Binchy, Irish author, playwright, and journalist (born 1939)
Bill Doss, American singer and guitarist (born 1968)
Stig Ossian Ericson, Swedish actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1923)
Les Green, English footballer and manager (born 1941)
Jonathan Hardy, New Zealand-Australian actor and screenwriter (born 1940)
Bill Kitchen, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1960)
Mary Louise Rasmuson, American colonel (born 1911)
Bob Peterson, American basketball player (born 1932)
Mohammed Yusuf, Nigerian militant leader, founded Boko Haram (born 1970)
Peter Zadek, German director and screenwriter (born 1926)
Anne Armstrong, American businesswoman and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (born 1927)
Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian director and screenwriter (born 1912)
Teoctist Arăpașu, Romanian patriarch (born 1915)
Ingmar Bergman, Swedish director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1918)
Bill Walsh, American football player and coach (born 1931)
Duygu Asena, Turkish journalist and author(born 1946)
Al Balding, Canadian golfer (born 1924)
Murray Bookchin, American philosopher and author (born 1921)
Anthony Galla-Rini, American accordion player and composer (born 1904)
Akbar Mohammadi, Iranian activist (born 1972)
Ray Cunningham, American baseball player (born 1905)
John Garang, Sudanese colonel and politician, 6th President of South Sudan (born 1945)
Steve Hislop, Scottish motorcycle racer (born 1962)
Sam Phillips, American record producer, founded Sun Records (born 1923)
Anton Schwarzkopf, German engineer (born 1924)
Buffalo Bob Smith, American television host (born 1917)
Claudette Colbert, French-American actress (born 1903)
Konstantin Kalser, German-American film producer and advertising executive (born 1920)
Brenda Marshall, Filipino-American actress and singer (born 1915)
Joe Shuster, Canadian-American illustrator, co-created Superman (born 1914)
Ian Gow, British Member of Parliament who was assassinated by the IRA (born 1937)
Lane Frost, American professional bull rider (born 1963)
Julia Robinson, American mathematician and theorist (born 1919)
Howard Dietz, American songwriter and publicist (born 1896)
Lynn Fontanne, English actress (born 1887)
Emory Holloway, American scholar, author, and educator (born 1885)
James Blish, American author and critic (born 1921)
Thomas Hollway, Australian politician, 36th Premier of Victoria (born 1906)
Walter Murdoch, Scottish-Australian academic (born 1874)
George Szell, Hungarian-American conductor and composer (born 1897)
Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese author and playwright (born 1886)
Joseph Cook, English-Australian miner and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Australia (born 1860)
Hugo Celmiņš, Latvian politician, former Prime Minister of Latvia (born 1877)
John Derbyshire, English swimmer and water polo player (born 1878)
Joan Gamper, Swiss-Spanish footballer and businessman, founded FC Barcelona (born 1877)
Albert Gustaf Dahlman, Swedish executioner (born 1848)
Joyce Kilmer, American soldier, journalist, and poet (born 1886)
Emperor Meiji of Japan (born 1852)
Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (born 1844)
Otto von Bismarck, German lawyer and politician, 1st Chancellor of Germany (born 1815)
Charlie Absolom, England cricketer (born 1846)
George Pickett, American general (born 1825)
Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, Norwegian poet and journalist (born 1818)
Lê Văn Duyệt, Vietnamese general, mandarin (born 1763–4)
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Mexican priest and soldier (born 1753)
Thomas Gray, English poet (born 1716)
William Penn, English businessman and philosopher, founded the Province of Pennsylvania (born 1644)
Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, English royal (born 1689)
Daniel Georg Morhof, German scholar and academic (born 1639)
Maria Theresa of Spain (born 1638)
Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory, Irish admiral and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1634)
Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours (born 1624)
Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox, British nobleman (born 1579)
Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, last King of Tyrconnell (born 1575)
Guillaume Rondelet, French doctor (born 1507)
Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (born 1505)
Thomas Abel, English priest and martyr (born 1497)
Robert Barnes, English martyr and reformer (born 1495)
John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen (born 1455)
Alberto d'Este, Lord of Ferrara and Modena (born 1347)
Bar Hebraeus, Syrian scholar and historian (born 1226)
Shi Xiancheng, general of the Tang Dynasty
Tatwine, English archbishop (born 670)
Pope Benedict I
Jacob Baradaeus, Greek bishop
Christian feast day: Abdon and Sennen
Christian feast day: Hatebrand
Christian feast day: Maxima, Donatilla, and Secunda
Christian feast day: Peter Chrysologus
Christian feast day: Robert Barnes (Lutheran)
Christian feast day: Rufinus of Assisi
Christian feast day: Tatwine
Christian feast day: Ursus of Auxerre
Christian feast day: Solanus Casey
Christian feast day: July 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Feast of the Throne (Morocco)
Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Vanuatu from the United Kingdom and France in 1980.
International Day of Friendship (international), and its related observances: Día del Amigo (Paraguay)
Martyrs Day (South Sudan)